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Sustainable Integrated Soil and Water Resources Management in the Arid Lands: Consideration of Economic Aspects
Published in Rohini Prasad, Manoj Kumar Jhariya, Arnab Banerjee, Advances in Sustainable Development and Management of Environmental and Natural Resources, 2021
The coastal regions are the most vulnerable regions of the world to destructive soil erosion (Fedorova et al., 2010) because of several factors such as sea-level rise, storm events and storm surges that are occurring more frequently as a consequence of climate change. Destructive coastal erosion has various negative impacts on farmland, coastal ecosystem, and rural infrastructure such as roads and sea walls. Due to these impacts, the coastal erosion has received wide attention (e.g., Soomere et al., 2011). Hence, several physical soil conservation structures were designed to conserve the areas suffered from soil erosion. These structures have also the potential to retain water where needed (Gill et al., 2008). These structures have a variety of benefits such as decreasing velocity of surface runoff, increasing soil moisture, maintaining good soil cover through mulching and canopy cover, enhancing soil structure for decreasing crusting, enhancing soil fertility, and avoiding excessive runoff safely. Several factors are contribute to the design of physical soil conservation structures including climate conditions, size of agricultural field, soil properties (especially texture, infiltration capacity, and depth), runoff properties, availability of an outlet, soil management options within the agricultural field (e.g., vegetative conservation measures), and labor availability and cost (Carluer and Marsily, 2004). The common physical conservation measures are: cut-off drains retention ditches, infiltration ditches, water-retaining pits, gabion walls, etc.
Geomorphic aspects of slope erosion in urban areas of Bouna in the Black Volta River Basin, Ivory Coast
Published in Jürgen Runge, Assogba Guézéré, Laldja Kankpénandja, Natural Resources, Socio-Ecological Sensitivity and Climate Change in the Volta-Oti Basin, West Africa, 2020
S. Kambire, B. Kambire, N.P. Dangui
Sea-level rise caused by climate change causes increased coastal erosion rates (Bicknell et al. 2009). Hydric erosion has become a global and multidimensional problem. It affects agricultural areas (gullying, mudflows flooding of fields and crops), urban infrastructure, and human and economic facilities (e.g. roads submerged by mud). Faced with the worsening observed over the past twenty years, a great deal of research has been undertaken on the processes and factors of water erosion. They have contributed to a better understanding of the mechanisms of soil erosion through field observations, modelling of phenomena and knowledge of physical mechanisms. They also help for a wider dissemination of this knowledge within regions to help local stakeholders to better understand and combat the risks associated with soil erosion (Le Bissonnais et al. 2002).
Introduction
Published in C. Patrick Heidkamp, John Morrissey, Towards Coastal Resilience and Sustainability, 2018
C. Patrick Heidkamp, John Morrissey
Climate impacts such as sea level rise, storminess, intensity of flooding and coastal erosion are likely to become more severe in the coming decades (Falaleeva et al., 2011). Climate change effects such as ocean acidification and introduction of non-indigenous species result in more fragile marine ecosystems (Remoundou et al., 2014). Accelerated sea level rise and increased frequency of strong hurricanes will increase the vulnerability of natural and human systems while making them less sustainable (Day et al., 2014). The socio-economic, ecological and political risks associated with the combined effects of sea-level rise and natural hazards will increase accordingly (Malone et al., 2010). The need for climate adaptation and climate risk management initiatives are therefore greatest in the coastal zones where population and ecosystem services are most concentrated (Malone et al., 2010) and where coastal communities are particularly vulnerable (Bradley, van Putten & Sheaves, 2015). For example, Sale et al. (2014) predict that pressures of coastal development will combine with sea level rise and more intense storms to further intrude on and erode natural coastlines, severely reducing mangrove, saltmarsh and seagrass habitats. In turn, the degradation of coastal ecosystems increases the vulnerability of coastal towns and cities and their populations (Duxbury & Dickinson, 2007), to both environmental and social risks2.
Impact of coastal structure on shorelines along the southeast and southwest coasts of india
Published in ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2022
V. Sundar, S. A. Sannasiraj, K. Murali, Vasanthakumar Singaravelu
Due to the extremely dynamic environment, there is an endless battle in progress between land and sea along the coast leading to the sea being the winner. Coastal erosion is caused due to natural factors, such as the waves, tidal cycle, current, and wind, among which the waves are dominant. Extreme storm events, such as typhoons and tsunamis, amplify the above process exhibiting its devastating effects. The sea-level rise is another severe threat to beaches which tends to expose a significant portion of the vulnerable coastal berms to inundation and tidal flushing that finally tends water to intrude into the land. The overall net sediment drift trend is influenced by wave characteristics such as wave period, breaker height and direction of wave incidence (Wright et al. 1986). A study on the sea breeze effect on the nearshore coastal process showed that the along and cross-shore drift increases due to an increased effect of sea breeze (Pattiaratchi and Masselink 1997). Littoral or longshore drift plays an important role in evaluating coastal processes such as erosion, accretion, and shoreline morphology (Kunte et al. 2001).
Effect of aluminate content in cement on the long-term sulfate resistance of cement stabilized sand
Published in Marine Georesources & Geotechnology, 2020
Kaiwei Liu, Yueming Wang, Ning-Jun Jiang, Aiguo Wang, Daosheng Sun, Xingxing Chen
Coastal communities are becoming more and more damaged from a variety of coastal hazards, in particularly coastal erosion, in the context of accelerated human activities and natural environment changes. Coastal erosion causes damage to structures and loss of land and it is bringing an increased threat to coastal infrastructures especially transportation infrastructures and private properties (Zhang, Douglas, and Leatherman 2004). While the type of soil sediments in coastal zones varies with geographic locations, sandy soil is dominant in many places in the form of beaches and sand dunes. It is especially susceptible to erosion under the action of tidal and storm waves (Shaw et al. 2016). To prevent the erosion of sand in coastal zones due to tidal and storm waves, ground improvement methods are often used, in particular chemical stabilization by cementitious materials (Pourakbar et al. 2015; Horpibulsuk et al. 2015; Phetchuay et al. 2016). The engineering performance of cement stabilized soil has been widely studied in the past. For example, Jayasinghe and Kamaladasa (2007) studied the compressive strength characteristics of rammed earth walls. Tang et al. (2007) used short polypropylene fiber to further reinforce the strength and mechanical behavior of cement stabilized clayey soil. Chenari et al. (2018) mixed cement stabilized sand with expanded polystyrene (EPS) to evaluate the strength property. Shalabi et al. (2019) prepared cement-stabilized waste sand for foundations and highway roads.
Effect of different biological solutions on microbially induced carbonate precipitation and reinforcement of sand
Published in Marine Georesources & Geotechnology, 2020
Zhi-Feng Tian, Xiaowei Tang, Zhi-Long Xiu, Zhi-Jia Xue
In this article, a series of experiments were conducted to investigate whether the resuspension of bacteria in fresh medium promotes urea hydrolysis, MICP and sand strengthening ability of the bacterial solution. The biological solution (RS) formed by the suspension of bacteria in saline solution has no other substance, except the bacterial cells and saline. Therefore, RS is selected as the bacterial cells of US to study urease activity, MICP, the sand reinforcement ability (bacteria, SS) and mechanisms of soil reinforcement to guide the biological solution selection for application of MICP in solving geotechnical engineering problems. These problems include sand reinforcement in ocean environments, stabilizing coastal soil and structures (such as dams), preventing coastal erosion, and treatment of coastal reclamation.