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Emerging applications
Published in Malcolm D. Bolton, Akio Kitamura, Osamu Kusakabe, Masaaki Terashi, New Horizons in Piling, 2021
Malcolm D. Bolton, Akio Kitamura, Osamu Kusakabe, Masaaki Terashi
A wide beach can dissipate energy of waves and tides and protect the structures behind the beach. Such beaches have been threatened by erosion by various reasons including reduced supply of sand from rivers or from longshore transport, the increased intensity of hurricanes, and the sea level rise. When beach itself has the value in ecosystem or for recreation, the construction of huge seawall is not always a good solution. Beach nourishment by detached breakwaters or groins may be useful option if properly undertaken taking into account the use of the coastline and the ecosystem in the surrounding areas. The embedded wall may contribute in such undertakings.
Unmanned Aerial System Applications to Coastal Environments
Published in David R. Green, Billy J. Gregory, Alex R. Karachok, Unmanned Aerial Remote Sensing, 2020
Francesco Mancini, Marco Dubbini
Among the problems related to coastal dynamics, erosion of a beach ecosystem due to natural or man-made causes can be a significant threat to major cities and to revenues from tourism areas. Erosion and accretion processes can also be altered after intervention of coastal protection by hard structures. To face these problems, coastal monitoring tools need to be cheap, easy to use, and able to accurately map small areas of coastline (Maguire 2014). As already mentioned, LIDAR, GNSS, and aerial photogrammetric surveys are being used by municipalities as methods of erosion monitoring. These survey methods are not within the reach of local municipalities without the availability of highly skilled technicians and expensive equipment to monitor all of the coastal areas under their control. Additionally, monitoring of coastal erosion is cost effective when it is carried out on a large scale, whereas very often the interest of geomorphologists and surveyors is focused on small sections of coastline.
Conclusions and Recommendations
Published in Zahrah Naankwat Musa, Satellite-Based Mitigation and Adaptation Scenarios for Sea Level Rise in the Lower Niger Delta, 2018
The conclusion from chapters 6 and 7 therefore is that suitable adaptation measures for the Niger delta include: construction of dykes, by-pass channels, flood-pits (reservoirs), storm surge barrier, and coastline shortening. To effectively adjust to living with SLR on the Niger delta the following strategies should be adopted: building new structures raised above ground, change of farming practices, and legislation to ensure compliance by all. Other practices that can be effective especially around beach covered coastlines, include: dune sand nourishment, construction of offshore groins, sea walls, and barrier revetment.
Influence of the permeability of submerged breakwaters on surrounding wave and current fields
Published in Coastal Engineering Journal, 2023
Dilan Rathnayaka, Yoshimitsu Tajima
While some submerged breakwaters show good performance in the protection of eroding beaches and nourished beaches, others fail to show such shore protection function or even enhance the beach erosion under certain wave conditions. For instance, Dean, Chen, and Browder (1997) have reported that the submerged breakwaters, placed alongshore in Palm Beach, Florida, enhanced the significant shoreward flow over the structure, and diverging longshore currents doubled the erosion depth on the shoreside of the structure. Similar erosive characteristics induced by submerged breakwaters were observed at Vero Beach, Florida (Stauble, Tabar, and Smith 2000), and the Italian coastline around Rome (Tomassicchio 1996). On the other hand, Lamberti and Mancinelli (1996) and Tomassicchio (1996) have reported the effectiveness of two segmented submerged breakwaters placed in Marche and Lido di Ostia, Italy. According to their study, the initial shoreline erosion at the shoreside of the 3000-m-long structure at Lido di Ostia was stabilized after the construction of the structure. In Marche, submerged breakwaters effectively stabilized the surrounding beach and widened the beach on the upstream side of the structure of the littoral drift, while erosion was observed around the gap of segmented submerged breakwaters.
Hydrodynamic performance of tire-based floating breakwater
Published in Marine Georesources & Geotechnology, 2021
Ahmad AlYousif, Subramanaim Neelamani, Arnoldo Valle-Levinson
Owing to the continuous worldwide development of infrastructures along coastlines, measures are needed against wave-induced erosion. Seawalls, groins, and offshore breakwaters are among the commonly used types of coastal structures to delay beach erosion. To construct these structures, high quality rocks are typically used. If quality rocks are available locally, then they can be purchased at a reasonable price. However, not all countries have access to quality rocks and therefore, they must be imported from elsewhere at elevated costs. For example, the state of Kuwait lacks mountains and quality rocks; therefore, for marine construction, the country must import rocks from nearby countries (e.g., Iran, Oman, and UAE) at a high price. Finding locally available materials that can serve as an alternative is important for countries that are facing similar challenges.
Searching for potential marine sand resources to mitigate beach erosion in island settings
Published in Marine Georesources & Geotechnology, 2021
Thomas Hasiotis, Iason-Zois Gazis, Marianthi Anastasatou, Evangelia Manoutsoglou, Adonis F. Velegrakis, Vasileios Kapsimalis, Aikaterini Karditsa, Michael Stamatakis
Beach erosion is not only a natural phenomenon but also a worldwide problem caused by the short- (storm waves/surges) and long-term (projected mean) sea-level rise, threatening coastal habitats, infrastructures, and prosperity of the local communities (Seneviratne et al. 2012). Therefore, beach protection is essential to mitigate erosion with the implementation of either soft or hard (breakwaters, groins, etc.) or innovative eco-friendly measures (Masria, Iskander, and Negm 2015). The former is mainly related to beach nourishment, a strategy widely used to slow down coastal erosion around the world (Finkl, Khalil, and Andrews 1997; ICES 2016; Bergillos, Rodríguez-Delgado, and Ortega-Sánchez 2017; Bergillos et al. 2018, and references therein). Nevertheless, it has become evident that, wherever feasible, the combination of defense measures offers the best protection, minimizing the need for continuous coastal maintenance (Semeoshenkova and Newton 2015). In island countries or small/big archipelagos, where beaches may have enormous economic, social, and recreational value, coastal development and protection are occasionally supported by marine sand extraction (Morgan, Barry, and Cruickshank 1998; Offshore Mining Industries 2017). This is typically implemented under the necessary Environmental Impact Assessment studies that secure the balance between growth and the environment (Naser 2015), since dredging of sand at borrow sites can have complicated physical, geological, and ecological impacts on the wider coastal environment (Morgan et al. 1998).