China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
The Application of Additive Manufacturing Technology in the Era of COVID-19 Pandemic
Published in Atul Babbar, Ankit Sharma, Vivek Jain, Dheeraj Gupta, Additive Manufacturing Processes in Biomedical Engineering, 2023
Raj Agarwal, Jaskaran Singh, Vishal Gupta
Powered air-purifying respirators, or full-face respiratory protective devices, are required in the specific work zones where patients have respiratory symptoms and when handling the bodies of deceased suspected patients (death due to COVID-19). A field respirator is a device used for short-term emergency ventilation. These respirators are designed to guard patients against inhaling hazardous airborne microorganisms. A field respirator helps the wearer breathe easily by letting air out and preventing humidity inside. Petsiuk et al. [37] developed a fully open portable bag-valve mask-based ventilator compression system with the help of AM technology. This automated ventilator can be provided as a temporary emergency ventilator. In this ventilator, various parts are assembled with the help of 3D-printed parts.
Terpenes and Terpenoids
Published in William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel, Reversibility of Chronic Disease and Hypersensitivity, Volume 4, 2017
William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel
The children's ages ranged from 15 to 36 months. Two children ingested camphor, and one child was exposed to repetitive rubbing of camphor on her skin. All three patients required pharmacologic intervention to terminate the seizures. One patient required bag-valve-mask ventilation for transient respiratory depression. All three patients had leukocytosis, and two patients had hyperglycemia. Exposure occurred as a result of using camphor for spiritual purposes, cold remedy, or pest control. After identification of these cases, the New York City Department of Health released a public health warning to keep camphor products away from children. Similar warnings were issued later by other state health departments.
Pediatric contrast reactions and airway management
Published in William H. Bush, Karl N. Krecke, Bernard F. King, Michael A. Bettmann, Radiology Life Support (Rad-LS), 2017
Jane S. Matsumoto, John T. Wald
An alternative to the bag-valve mask is mouth-to-mask ventilation with supplementary oxygen. Mouth-to-mask ventilation relies on a barrier valve to protect emergency personnel from contact with oral or gastric materials. This method also allows a single emergency worker to ventilate the patient effectively, since both hands are available to ensure a tight seal of the mask around the child’s nose and mouth and to maintain optimal airway position. An oropharyngeal airway adjunct may also help to maintain the child’s airway. Mouth-to mask ventilation may be difficult to maintain by a single emergency worker for an extended length of time.
Enhanced performance of the mechanical respiratory system by FPGA-digital based on PID Controller
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2023
Dang Quy Phan, Ha Quang Thinh Ngo
Subsequently, an open-sourced ventilator featuring portable mechanics was explored and prototyped to administer breaths using a conventional bag-valve mask (BVM). This was achieved through a pivoting cam-mechanism finger actuated by an electric motor. This innovative design eliminates the requirement for a nurse to manually operate the BVM, a solution typically considered short-term. The system incorporates adjustable knobs to regulate the tidal volume tailored to the patient (often 6–8 mL/kg of ideal body weight), a flexible BPM range of 5–30, and the optional inhalation-to-exhalation duration ratio such as 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4, while maintaining a minimum breathing rate (Maia Chagas et al., 2020). This platform functions with an available microprocessor (Frazer et al., 2020), and the associated study provides comprehensive insights suitable as a user guide for technicians, developers, and doctors seeking to replicate a similar ventilator. However, it does not encompass the complete documentation, code, and other requisite elements necessary to qualify as a comprehensive public hardware platform.
Devices to enhance organ perfusion during cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2021
Matthew A. Bridges, Julie B. Siegel, Joshua Kim, Kristen M. Quinn, Jennie H. Kwon, Brielle Gerry, Taufiek Konrad Rajab
Impedance threshold devices (Figure 2C) are one-way valve mechanisms that can be utilized to limit the passive inspiration of air and thus maintain negative pressure in the intrathoracic cavity during CPR. Commonly a disposable device, an ITD is attached between the patient’s airway and airway devices such as a bag valve mask, endotracheal tube, or laryngeal mask. During CPR, chest compressions increase intrathoracic pressure, forcing air out of the lungs and opening the unidirectional valve inside the ITD. During decompression and chest recoil, the reduction in intrathoracic pressure relative to the atmospheric pressure causes the valve to close. The closure of the unidirectional valve prevents air from reentering the lungs, preserving the negative pressure in the intrathoracic cavity. Maintaining negative pressure within the thoracic cavity during decompression is believed to promote venous return to the right side of the heart, thereby increasing the amount of blood that is preloaded for the next compression [42]. The decreased intrathoracic pressure also facilitates ventilation within the lungs and can also cause a rapid drop in intracranial pressure during decompression, which decreases resistance to cerebral perfusion. Investigation on the amount of negative intrathoracic pressure that could be generated with an ITD was performed first in an animal model, which demonstrated that the ITD generated −4 to −8 mmHg of negative intrathoracic pressure compared to the −3 mmHg of pressure normally generated during standard CPR [43].
Precautions & Possible Therapeutic Approaches of Health Hazards of Astronauts in Microgravity
Published in The International Journal of Aerospace Psychology, 2021
Nikita Pal, Shambaditya Goswami, Rajveer Singh, Tejpal Yadav, Ravindra Pal Singh
Improper cardiac rhythm or arrhythmia in space flight could occur due to hypokalemia, changes in the autonomic nervous system, and physical stress. Bag-valve mask ventilation (100% O2), endotracheal intubation, and respiratory ventilation should be given in this situation. Advanced Life Support Pack (ALSP) and Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) drugs are epinephrine, lidocaine, and atropine, which must be given in severe conditions. Some astronauts need radiofrequency catheter ablation for atrial arrhythmias (Anzai et al., 2014; Marshburn, 2008).