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A socio-cultural risk perspective on distorted diets
Published in Charlotte Fabiansson, Stefan Fabiansson, Food and the Risk Society, 2016
Charlotte Fabiansson, Stefan Fabiansson
Eating is usually driven by hunger or appetite, where hunger is a physiological mechanism controlled by the central nervous system, while appetite is a desire for food related to past experiences in response to stimuli such as smell, taste and appearance. Hunger can lead to consumption of many foods outside the cultural frame of reference in order to survive, while appetite can give rise to an uncontrolled eating behaviour that can lead to excessive weight gain (Stanfield and Hui 2010).
Pulmonary hypertension induced by drugs and toxins
Published in Philippe Camus, Edward C Rosenow, Drug-induced and Iatrogenic Respiratory Disease, 2010
Kim Bouillon, Yola Moride, Lucien Abenhaim, Marc Humbert
Phendimetrazine is an appetite suppressant as potent as amphetamines (see Fig. 29.2). One case of PAH associated with phendimetrazine was reported in 1991, in a 41-year-old woman, exposed 6 months before the onset of her symptoms. Dyspnoea, electrocardiographic abnormalities and pulmonary haemodynamics improved several months after discontinuation of the drug.43
Aging and technology: understanding the issues and creating a base for technology designers
Published in Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology, 2021
Undernutrition is also a critical issue. According to Visvanathan [47], undernutrition and weight loss are common and serious problems in the older population, with weight loss being related to psychological or non-psychological causes. Anorexia of aging, which is a decrease in appetite and food intake, is a common cause of weight loss, as are the inabilities to shop, prepare food, or feed oneself. Visvanathan [47] discussed the need to manage this problem and to make a management plan. After the implementation of this plan, a major factor of its success would be careful monitoring. In this critical issue, complications could be reduced by providing older people with nutritional supplementation [48]. Visvanathan [47] reviewed the literature to summarise how replenishment or supplementation may be beneficial. It was found that women with higher cholesterol intake (351–668 mg) and higher protein intake (0.8–1.2 g/kg) had fewer health problems. It was also noted that micronutrient supplementation improved cognitive function test scores in people above 66 years of age and that modifications in the environment, such as eating with groups, could improve the nutritional intake. Education and awareness about the benefits of vegetables and fruits, as well as how to store them, were encouraged [47]. Aside from the medical perspective, undernutrition as a critical aging issue has several causes that need to be considered from a technological perspective. The causes could be the elders' inability to use a car, shop, or carry bags, as well as not being able to cook, walk within their own home, or take supplements.
Understanding Low-income Older Adults’ Intention to Consume Fruits and Vegetables
Published in Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition, 2021
Seung Eun Jung, Yeon Ho Shin, Jinyoung Im, Janice Hermann, Amy Ellis, Kristi Crowe-White
One of the fundamental goals of Healthy People 2020 is to eliminate health disparities and improve quality and years of healthy life.1 However, approximately 80% of the older adults have been reported to experience at least one chronic condition, and more than three quarters of older adults suffer from two or more chronic diseases.2 Heart disease, cancer, stroke, and diabetes are four nutrition-related chronic diseases reported to be responsible for approximately two-thirds of older adult deaths.2 Unfortunately, the prevalence of nutrition-related health issues is higher among socioeconomically disadvantaged older adults compared to higher income seniors.3 Many older adults also experience age-related physiological changes, which can exacerbate existing nutrition-related health issues, such as diminished appetite, thirst, taste, and smell; oral changes; dry mouth and difficulty swallowing; as well as gastrointestinal and body composition changes.4,5 In addition to physiological changes, social and psychological factors experienced by older adults can also negatively impact nutrition-related chronic conditions.6 Having multiple chronic diseases can be a substantial economic burden to older adults,7 but especially for low-income older adults.8