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Endocrine system
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
Thymic masses may become large enough to cause pressure symptoms including dyspnoea, cough, chest pain or dysphagia. Invasive tumours in particular may be associated with anorexia and unexplained weight loss. Most thymic masses however, are either incidental findings at CT or detected during the work-up of paraneoplastic syndromes. Myasthenia gravis has already been mentioned. Pure red cell aplasia (causing anaemia) and hypogammaglobulinaemia are the next commonest paraneoplastic manifestations of thymic disease, but there are over 30 reported associations including other autoimmune conditions [51]. The list of potential symptoms due to all these conditions is too long for enumeration here, but if the combination of clinical and biochemical features suggests a paraneoplastic condition, CT may be requested to locate a source for the suspected condition. Ectopic (but otherwise normal) thymus can occur and may present as a mass in the neck.
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Therapy for Patients with Refractory Myasthenia Gravis
Published in Richard K. Burt, Alberto M. Marmont, Stem Cell Therapy for Autoimmune Disease, 2019
MG affects approximately 25,000 Americans.28,29 Like most autoimmune diseases, it is associated with particular HLA genotypes, has a female predominance with about two-thirds of affected patients being female.30,31 MG generally occurs in women in their second to fourth decade of life. Age of onset for men is generally later, in the fifth decade. The prevalence of MG has been increasing possibly due to better treatments and prolonged survival of patients with MG.29 About 10% of MG patients have severe generalized disease. Approximately 30-50% of patients with thymoma have MG, while roughly 10-15% of MG patients have a thymoma which are epithelial cell (not lymphoid) tumors of the thymus.32,33 Thymic lymphofollicular hyperplasia is common in MG patients without thymomas. Pure red cell aplasia is also associated with thymomas and MG.34 While disease severity varies, spontaneous remission of MG is rare.
The Management of Extractables and Leachables in Pharmaceutical Products
Published in Sandeep Nema, John D. Ludwig, Parenteral Medications, 2019
Edward J. Smith, Diane M. Paskiet, Erica J. Tullo
Taking into account all the reasons listed above, the goal of any leachables study is to reduce risk to patients who receive the drug products. An example of product that caused adverse effects due to the lack of leachables data was EPREX®, a product of Janssen-Cilag [10]. The history of events surrounding EPREX is listed below. EPREX in vials contained human serum albumin (HSA), 1994.EPREX with HSA was offered in a prefilled syringe containing an uncoated rubber plunger, 1994.HSA-free EPREX was introduced in 1998; HSA was replaced by Polysorbate 80 as the protein stabilizer.Polysorbate 80 increased the extraction of adjuvant-like leachables from the rubber plunger causing an unwanted side effect called PRCA—pure red cell aplasia—in EPREX patients.Recall occurred and a coated plunger that reduced the amount of leachables was substituted for the uncoated closure.
Trichoderma after crossing kingdoms: infections in human populations
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2023
Uener Ribeiro dos Santos, Jane Lima dos Santos
Fifty-five patients presented immunosuppressed conditions, including acute erythroleukemia (Gautheret et al. 1995), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Alanio et al. 2008; Kantarcioglu et al. 2009; Kredics et al. 2003; Richter et al. 1999; Seguin et al. 1995), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (Kredics et al. 2006; Myoken et al. 2002), acute myeloid leukemia (Al-Shehri, Aljohani, and Semidey 2021; De Miguel et al. 2005; Dong et al. 2019; Kviliute et al. 2008; Sautour et al. 2018; Verrier et al. 2015), bronchopulmonary adenocarcinoma (Lagrange-Xélota et al. 2008), micromolecular multiple myeloma (Festuccia et al. 2014), hematological malignance (Chretien et al. 2016), Kaposi sarcoma with HIV (Cardoso et al. 2015), lymphoma-associated aplasia (Kredics et al. 2003), and organ transplant (Akagi et al. 2017; Chouaki et al. 2002; Druzhinina et al. 2008; Furukawa et al. 1998; Guarro et al. 1999; Jacobs et al. 1992; Kredics et al. 2003; Lipový et al. 2021; Ranque et al. 2008; Recio et al. 2019; Román-Soto, Álvarez-Rojas, and García-Rodríguez 2019; Stelzmueller et al. 2008; Trabelsi, Hariga, and Khaled 2010). Further, kidney disease patients were detected including patients with renal failure, chronic renal failure, nephropathy, chronic renal insufficiency, and under peritoneal dialysis (automated and ambulatory continuous peritoneal dialysis) (Antal et al. 2005; Aroca, Piontelli, and Cruz 2004; Bren 1998; Campos-Herrero et al. 1996; Chakraborty et al. 2015; Eşel et al. 2003; Guiserix et al. 1996; Lee et al. 2007; Loeppky et al. 1983; Naeimi et al. 2022; Ragnaud et al. 1984; Rota et al. 2000; Tanis et al. 1995), Crohn ’s disease (Rodríguez Peralta et al. 2013), and HIV/AIDS (Amato et al. 2002; Antal et al. 2005; Cardoso et al. 2015; Lagrange-Xélota et al. 2008).