China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Carbon Nanotubes-Polytetrafluoroethylene Nanocomposite Coatings
Published in Vikas Mittal, Polymer Nanocomposite Coatings, 2016
Natthakan Rungraeng, Soojin Jun
Bacterial cell adhesion onto a metal substrate is highly sensitive to the surface nature such as wettability and surface energy. Biofilm or biofouling formation on the surfaces of food-processing equipments has been recognized as a widespread problem. The development of a surface consisting of antimicrobial agents with significant lethal effects has been widely studied. However, the major drawback of these antimicrobial surfaces is the formation of a surface debris layer of dead cells resulting in much lower lethal efficiency of the antimicrobial surface after a certain period of time (Crick et al., 2011). The prevention of bacterial adhesion would also significantly inhibit its subsequent biofouling formation (Zhao et al., 2005). Fabrication of self-cleaning surfaces is one example of most anticipated alternative ways to effectively retard the adhesion rate of bacteria on the surface. A superhydrophobic surface equipped with both low surface energy and micro/nanoscale roughness has a unique self-cleaning attribute, the so-called lotus effect. Micro/nanoscale surface roughness is one of the facile techniques that have been used to fabricate such superhydrophobic surfaces unveiling an outstanding water repellency attribute. A cluster of CNTs with substantial surface roughness is well regarded as a superhydrophobic material which has been proven to provide excellent antifouling properties as well as other desirable attributes, such as strength, flexibility, and thermal/electrical conductivity. However, the antifouling effect of a superhydrophobic surface requires a flow stream of liquid (Patel et al., 2010). On the other hand, an extremely water-attracting nanocomposite surface coated with TiO2 nanoparticles, for example, could also perform another antifouling activity via its superhydrophilicity such that tight water-stretching reactions are able to form a stable bacteria-free hydration layer on the top of metal substrates.
Biomaterial engineering surface to control polymicrobial dental implant-related infections: focusing on disease modulating factors and coatings development
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2023
Samuel S. Malheiros, Bruna E. Nagay, Martinna M. Bertolini, Erica D. de Avila, Jamil A. Shibli, João Gabriel S. Souza, Valentim A. R. Barão
A progressive number of peri-implantitis cases accompanied the increased number of patients rehabilitated with dental implants worldwide. The destruction of peri-implant tissue negatively affects the patient’s health and finances and can impair new rehabilitation and additional surgical procedures. In this sense, antimicrobial implant surface modification has gained attention as a material-based possibility to prevent and control implant-related infections. Surface modifications using nanometer scales and promoting biomimetic surfaces can be interesting strategies, as well as the incorporation of biomolecules, metallic ions, polymers, and antibiotics. The modification techniques are diverse, ranging from physical to chemical methods, with differing complexity, costs, advantages, and drawbacks. Contrary to the impressive number of strategies presented to build an antimicrobial surface, the promising outcomes have still not reached clinical trials. As discussed in this review, the challenges involved in the entire process have hindered the development of a clinically efficient and safe product. The smart antimicrobial surface should preserve the properties required for the target area and provide antimicrobial capacity over time without causing toxicity to human cells. Moreover, understanding the pathogenesis process of peri-implantitis and modulating factors is still under investigation. Therefore, the development of new biomaterials should consider: (1) knowledge gained from recent studies, even on basic science understanding of the etiologic factor of peri-implantitis and modulating factors; (2) study models considering the complexity of the oral environment; (3) complex 3D structure and polymicrobial profile of biofilms; (4) essential physical and chemical properties of implant devices to survive in a challenging environment; (5) promote suitable biological responses; (6) chronic catachrestic of peri-implantitis and that it can be triggered years after implant placement.