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Molecular Imaging Utilizing Aptamer-Targeted Probes
Published in Rakesh N. Veedu, Aptamers, 2017
Nicholas Fletcher, Kristofer Thurecht
Probes produced by direct conjugation of small-molecule dyes have predominantly incorporated DNA and RNA aptamers such as those that recognize integrin αvβ3 [41] and angiogenin [35] as markers for angiogenesis, or nucleolin [34] and epithelial cell adhesion molecules [55] that are overexpressed in many tumor types. In these examples, the aptamers were directly conjugated with cyanine or fluorescein fluorophores, usually through terminal amines incorporated during synthesis. These constructs showed highly specific binding of cellular targets in vitro and enabled visualization of probe internalization on binding (Fig. 11.1). Such results make these aptamer-targeted optical imaging probes promising candidates for future preclinical in vivo studies of carcinoma pathogenesis and treatment.
Pharmaceutical Applications of Collagen
Published in Amit Kumar Nayak, Md Saquib Hasnain, Dilipkumar Pal, Natural Polymers for Pharmaceutical Applications, 2019
K. Sangeetha, A. V. Jisha Kumari, E. Radha, P. N. Sudha
Ehterami et al., (2018) have studied the cutaneous wound healing in rat models by using scaffold of poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL)/collagen impregnated with insulin-chitosan nanoparticles. The sustained release of insulin and cell proliferation was evidenced from MTT assay of L929 cells suggesting the healing capacity was maximum and could be used for clinical application for wound treatment. Ramanathan and his research group (2017) have coated collagen on the scaffold of poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid)-gelatin with the extract of Coccinia grandis. This scaffold was tested with male albino Wister rats by creating a wound on the dorsal surface of the rat and has been examined at regular interval of days. The results revealed that the collagen in the scaffold will increase the level of hydroxyproline, hexosamine, uronic acid, thereby promoting the healing efficiency supporting the nature of this material as a wound healer. Another interesting work based on collagen was reported by Karri et al., (2016) by examining in vitro drug release and in vivo wound healing using the scaffold by loading curcumin and nanochitosan in the collagenalginate matrix in diabetic rats. The results revealed that the sustained release of curcumin was successfully achieved and the wound closure rate was higher than the control suggesting this scaffold was extended to clinical use for diabetic patients. Shi et al., (2008) had constructed a potent delivery system which delivers angiogenin, blood vessel inducing protein, which helps in the process of angiogenesis. The porous collagen–chitosan scaffold was heparinized and fabricated to deliver growth factor (i.e., ANG) and it was found to be a good dermal substitute, and it is used as an ANG delivery vehicle and can be used in tissue engineering application where enhanced angiogenesis is needed.
Diffusion Models of Prevascular and Vascular Tumor Growth
Published in Ovide Arino, David E. Axelrod, Marek Kimmel, Mathematical population dynamics, 2020
Although many of these deterministic models were developed in the 1970s, there has been renewed interest very recently in tumor angiogenesis (Folkman and Klagsbrun, 1987) and necrosis (Old, 1988) following the isolation over the past 3 or 4 years of several proteins that stimulate angiogenesis–angiogenin, fibroblast growth factors (acidic and basic), and transforming growth factors α and β. The latter factor apparently attracts macrophages — cells frequently found in tumors.
Synthesis, X-ray characterization and evaluation of potent anti-angiogenic activity of a novel copper(II)-imidazole-bipyridyl complex
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2022
Hakan Ünver, Gökhan Dıkmen, Hülya Tuba Kiyan
Since metal-based compounds offer great opportunities and possibilities to design of new anti-cancer agents, medicinal inorganic chemistry has increasing interest. They offer possibilities for the design and invention of new anti-cancer and anti-angiogenic therapeutic agents.[12,13] Rather than expensive and rare elements such as ruthenium, platinum etc. cheaper and abundant metal complexes (cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, etc.) become more attractive in an economical manner.[14–20] At this point, copper complexes can be good alternatives due to exhibit promising results in pharmaceutical studies. It is an essential element with certain properties such as susceptibility to redox reactions, wide coordination ability, anticancer and apoptosis possibilities. Also, many studies confirm that copper uptake is increased in tumor cells. A series of hypotoxic, phenanthroline copper(II) complexes with different alkyl chains (CPTn, n = 1, 4, 6, 8) were reported to have potential to show anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic activities against cancer cells by Shi et al., 2018.[21] Copper is an essential co-factor such as VEGF, bFGF, TNF-α, angiogenin and IL-1 during angiogenesis and it has been proven in the literature that this element is involved in the induction of cytokine production during neovascularization, proliferation and migration of endothelial cells. Also in vitro and in vivo cytotoxic and anti-angiogenic activities of homoleptic phosphino copper(I) complexes were investigated.[22]In vitro cytotoxic activities toward several cancer cell lines and anti-angiogenic effects of a series of mononuclear copper(II) polypyridyl complexes for the treatment of cancers have been reported by Nagababu et al. A previous study on anti-angiogenic activity of bleomycin and its copper complex by using CAM assay had been reported in 1990 by Oikawa and coworkers.[23–25] In addition, several copper complexes have been reported to have potential anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic activities against cancer cells in some previous research reports. Anti-angiogenic activity and multiple anticancer functions of a binuclear copper-based complex by inhibiting the expressions of p-Akt and p-Erk1/2 proteins and by decreasing the levels of reactive oxygen species have been reported by Qin et al. (2013). Also, Qin et al. reported the synthesis, characterization, and anticancer activity of two mixed ligand copper(II) complexes by regulating the VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling pathway in 2017. According to the research of Rodić et al. (2016) copper(II) complexes with 1-adamantoyl hydrazone bearing pyridine rings induced apoptosis in the caspase 3-dependent manner, and they showed anti-angiogenic effects in EA.hy926 cells using a tube formation assay.[26–28] Also, there are many studies have been reported about the anticancer activity of copper complexes.[29–36]