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The Emerging Role of Exosome Nanoparticles in Regenerative Medicine
Published in Harishkumar Madhyastha, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Nanopharmaceuticals in Regenerative Medicine, 2022
Zahra Sadat Hashemi, Mahlegha Ghavami, Saeed Khalili, Seyed Morteza Naghib
Over a decade ago, cell therapy has gained interest as a novel treatment strategy for wound healing and regeneration. An optimal scarless wound healing needs the orchestration of various complicated and physiological processes with the involvement of different cells, ECM, and growth factors (Eming et al. 2014). Exosomes derived from stem cells have got various implications in inflammation and wound healing. One of the main processes in wound healing and tissue regeneration is angiogenesis. The exosome cross-communication in the tumour microenvironment promotes angiogenesis and cancer metastasis (Salem et al. 2016; Wang et al. 2016b).
Biomimetic Microsystems for Blood and Lymphatic Vascular Research
Published in Hyun Jung Kim, Biomimetic Microengineering, 2020
Thus far, therapeutic approaches to halt angiogenesis in tumors remain inefficient as the tumors continue to develop alternative pathways to trigger angiogenesis even when certain angiogenic pathways were blocked. However, anti-angiogenic therapies have shed light on a concept of vessel normalization to improve the efficacy of drugs (Jain 2005). In physiologic angiogenesis, both pro- and anti-angiogenic stimuli are tightly regulated to ensure a healthy angiogenesis. In contrast, in a tumor growth, endothelial cells are constantly exposed to an excessive amount of pro-angiogenic factors produced by tumor cells. As a result, these tumor-associated vessels are abnormal, leaky, and lack proper perivascular cell coverage, which render them inefficient to deliver blood flow and chemotherapeutic drugs. Thus, normalization of the vessels to improve the function and restore the blood flow of tumor vessels might beneficial to the treatment of cancer (Jain 2005).
Wound healing angiogenesis: An overview on mathematical models
Published in J. Belinha, R.M. Natal Jorge, J.C. Reis Campos, Mário A.P. Vaz, João Manuel, R.S. Tavares, Biodental Engineering V, 2019
A.C. Guerra, J. Belinha, R.M. Natal Jorge
Angiogenesis is essential during wound healing since it provides the reestablishment of the normal blood flow and consequently the sufficient exchange of oxygen and nutrients and the removal of metabolic wastes (Carmeliet & Jain 2011).
Wound closure, angiogenesis and antibacterial behaviors of tetracalcium phosphate/hydroxyethyl cellulose/hyaluronic acid/gelatin composite dermal scaffolds
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2022
Atefeh Derakhshani, Saeed Hesaraki, Nader Nezafati, Mahmoud Azami
TTCP is a source of calcium and phosphorus elements. According to some studies, calcium ions participate in the angiogenesis process. By increasing the intracellular calcium concentration, factors involved in angiogenesis are stimulated and a positive effect on endothelial cell proliferation is produced. Moreover, the phosphorus element stimulates both growth and genetic factors and involves in the angiogenesis process, as well. It is due to its stimulatory effect on genes and the activity of angiogenic factors and VEGF production [31]. New vessels promote cell growth through transferring oxygen and nutrients and eliminating catabolites [53]. Angiogenesis, that is the development of new blood vessels, is an active and complex phenomenon, which is essential for fetal growth and other physiological events. This study indicated the increased angiogenesis of chick embryo by the presence of tetracalcium phosphate, leading to the improved fetal height and weight.
Magnetic stimulation of the angiogenic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells in vascular tissue engineering
Published in Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 2021
Ana C. Manjua, Joaquim M. S. Cabral, Carla A. M. Portugal, Frederico Castelo Ferreira
Several studies have emphasized the importance of therapeutic angiogenesis as a valuable tool in the pathogenesis and treatment of vascular diseases by stimulating the growth of new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels [39,40]. The ultimate efficacy resides in the controlled delivery of the therapeutic proteins to the targeted tissues to actively sustain their long-term bioactivity [41]. Yet, as tissue regeneration implicates months to heal and requires persistent stimulation of growth factors, these systems are still far from representing an ideal condition. Thus, a therapeutic intervention in which the cells are non-invasively stimulated to secrete growth factors in a targeted tissue is an interesting approach, still to be developed. To overcome the aforementioned challenges, a strategy was devised in this work to remotely enhance the secretion of growth factors by MSCs using magnetic scaffolds loaded with MNPs to drive the magnetic effect on the targeted material. We successfully demonstrated that low intensity static magnetic fields can efficiently induce the release of growth factors, specifically VEGF-A, from MSCs and prompt angiogenesis in vitro. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear.
The analogies between human development and additive manufacture: Expanding the definition of design
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2019
L. E. J. Thomas-Seale, J. C. Kirkman-Brown, S. Kanagalingam, M. M. Attallah, D. M. Espino, D. E. T. Shepherd
Perfusion Manufacturing is derived from an analogy of the motion of fluids in the circulatory system. The growth of tissue in the foetus happens simultaneously with the growth of the vasculature (Harding & Bocking, 2001). Similar to the complex feedback loop seen in the morphogenesis of the heart, section 5.1.1, the perfused fluid in the developing circulatory system, is also carrying the nutrients for growth. The development of the cardiovascular system occurs through vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Vasculogenesis, the development of new vessels, beginning in the third week of embryogenesis, in response to the requirement for nutrients from the maternal circulation (Moore et al., 2013a). Its physiology is summarized as follows: angioblasts (differentiated from mesenchymal cells) group into clusters called blood islands, the confluence of intercellular clefts result in small cavities in these blood islands, which become lined with angioblasts flattened to form the endothelium, finally these endothelium lined cavities then fuse to form the endothelial channels (Moore et al., 2013a). Angiogenesis, the growth of new vessels from pre-existing vessels, expands the vascular network. Angiogenesis of vessels occurs by budding and sprouting of existing vessels or the intussusception, i.e. the separation or fusion of vessels (Schoenwolf et al., 2015).