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AI and the Bioscience and Clinical Considerations for Immunology
Published in Louis J. Catania, AI for Immunology, 2021
After a susceptible person is exposed to an allergen, the body starts producing a large quantity of IgE antibodies. This results in the reoccurrence of the allergic response, sometimes with increasing intensity with each re-exposure to the allergen. Included among its cytokines, are histamine and heparin (mentioned above), which along with other inflammatory symptoms, produces itching. With the allergic and hypersensitivity response, symptoms can also include, sneezing, and congestion (from histamine release and degranulation of mast cells – in Figure 2.3). In their most severe form, allergy or hypersensitivity can produce a life-threatening condition call anaphylaxis and anaphylactic shock.13
Biological Analysis of Fungi and Associated Molds
Published in Christopher S. Cox, Christopher M. Wathes, Bioaerosols Handbook, 2020
An allergy is a deleterious physiological consequence of an excessive immunological response to contact with a foreign substance. Airborne fungal and actinomycete spores and fragments together with pollens are major causes of respiratory allergy worldwide. Assaying for fungal allergens involves several stages. Analysis of the case history and clinical symptoms of a presenting subject is the first stage toward a presumptive diagnosis of an allergic reaction. Ideally this should be followed by an investigation of the aerial environment of the home or workplace in order to find possible causative agents. Suspect organisms or, more usually, antigens derived from them, are tested to discover if they elicit a reaction in the host. A positive reaction supports, but does not prove, the diagnosis of mold allergy. The diagnosis is further supported if the host ceases to exhibit symptoms when removed from the presumptive allergenic source. This is also the most effective therapeutic measure. Pharmaceutical treatments include anti-inflammatory, anti-histamine and broncho-dilatory drugs.
Indicate expiration date
Published in Michael Wiklund, Kimmy Ansems, Rachel Aronchick, Cory Costantino, Alix Dorfman, Brenda van Geel, Jonathan Kendler, Valerie Ng, Ruben Post, Jon Tilliss, Designing for Safe Use, 2019
Michael Wiklund, Kimmy Ansems, Rachel Aronchick, Cory Costantino, Alix Dorfman, Brenda van Geel, Jonathan Kendler, Valerie Ng, Ruben Post, Jon Tilliss
Expiration dates are not just for food—they can also can be found on manufactured products. A prominent example is an epinephrine auto-injector used to reverse allergic reactions, such as those that might occur among people who can have a life-threatening allergic reaction (called anaphylaxis) to a bee sting or eating peanuts, for example. Such devices can have a shelf life as short as 12 months because there is an increased chance that, after that point in the aging process, the formulation will deteriorate in ways that could affect the drug’s effectiveness. Therefore, expiration dates are printed right on the devices. Consumers are expected to replace their auto-injectors before they expire. However, more recently customers have been advised to use expired devices in emergencies when nothing else is available because, in principle, receiving a reduced dose is still better than not receiving any medication.2
Investigation of symptoms and lung functions in tea packaging factory employees
Published in Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, 2023
Lamiye Yıldız, Fatih Mehmet Gokce, Sinan Saral
Before the Pulmonary Function Test was performed, tea packaging factory workers were asked to fill out a respiratory assessment questionnaire asking for information about symptoms that may result from the irritating effects of tea powder or sensitivity to tea powder. The questionnaire used in the study was adapted from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey II (ECRHS II). Questionnaires were administered to the employees face-to-face at their workplace and by the same doctor. Survey questions included age, gender, height, weight, smoking, place and duration of employment, history of asthma-allergy, history of other respiratory diseases, presence of respiratory symptoms (cough, dyspnea, sputum, feeling of pressure in the chest, tightness, breathlessness) and allergic rhinitis. What we mean by respiratory tract disease here is not active viral or bacterial respiratory tract infection, but respiratory tract symptoms such as runny nose and cough that continue after an upper respiratory tract disease.
The risk factors for occupational contact dermatitis among workers in a medium density fiberboard furniture factory in Eastern Thailand
Published in Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, 2021
Anamai Thetkathuek, Tanongsak Yingratanasuk, Wiwat Ekburanawat, Wanlop Jaidee, Teerayuth Sa-ngiamsak
Our results indicate that metal allergies, to items such as buttons, watches, rings, or earrings, affected the occurrence of eczema in the group that had previously had symptoms more than that in the group which had never experienced symptoms. For participants exposed to MDF dust almost every day, the OR (95% CI) for development of contact dermatitis (base on the questionnaire, worker’s own perceptions) was 3.9 (1.6–9.6), while those who using chemicals at home, such as cooking, cloth washing by hand, gardening, dish washing, cleaning, and using chemicals suspected of causing contact dermatitis more than 2 h per day had an OR (95% CI) of 4.9 (1.4–18.0). Moreover, participants with family members with an history of allergy, asthma, allergic rhinitis, or allergic conjunctivitis diagnosed by physicians, had OR (95% CI) for development of contact dermatitis of 1.8 (0.6–5.2), and those for subjects who used bleach one to three times a month during housework or were current smokers were 2.22 (0.9–5.1) and 5.4 (1.1–26.3), respectively (Table 6).
May allergy have a role in primary or recurrent otitis media in Egyptian pediatric patients: a prospective study
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2021
Mohammed El-Shahat, Asser ElSharkawy, Doaa Shahin, Ghada Barakat, Waleed Moneir
Regarding various allergic manifestations, there was a high prevalence of allergic manifestations in the form of allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, allergic dermatitis, food allergy, allergic conjunctivitis, and anaphylaxis (64.4, 32.2, 33.9, 10.2, 8.5, and 5.1%), respectively. This high prevalence of allergic disorders makes the study in agreement with Chantzi et al. [15] who carried out a controlled study on 88 children with OME aged 1–7 years and found a higher prevalence of allergic disorders in OME patients. On the other hand, it disagrees with Souter et al. [16] who studied 89 children aged 6 or 7 years with OME concluded that the prevalence of allergic symptoms was nearly the same in both the studied group and the reference group in the same age meaning that there was a limited effect of allergy OME pathogenesis in this age group.