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Bioaerosol-Induced Hypersensitivity Diseases
Published in Harriet A. Burge, Bioaerosols, 2020
Cory E. Cookingham, William R. Solomon
Urticaria and angioedema. Urticaria (hives) and angioedema (similar changes affecting deeper skin layers) may be precipitated by antigen-specific IgE mechanisms, especially involving foods or drugs, but are seldom associated with exposure to bioaerosols. Urticaria is seen as discrete, superficial swellings, often with red haloes and prominent itching, that vary in size from millimeters to several centimeters. In most outbreaks, new hives form as older ones resolve, each lesion lasting no more than 24 h. Angioedema typically produces circumscribed swelling of mucous membranes and fleshy structures such as the eyelids, tongue, and genitalia; it may accompany hives or occur alone. These reactions have been reported (rarely) with exposures to airborne animal allergens, skin contact with penicillin aerosols (Rudzki and Rebandel, 1985), and aerosols of Hevea brasiliensis latex. However, neither the true incidence of IgE-mediated urticaria and angioedema nor the role of airborne exposure is defined.
Aerobiology of Pollen and Pollen Antigens
Published in Christopher S. Cox, Christopher M. Wathes, Bioaerosols Handbook, 2020
Allergic reactions to pollen grains are traditionally calledhay fever or pollinosis. Pollen primarily affects the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract. Clinically, the most frequent symptoms are allergic rhinitis or conjunctivitis, which is characterized by sneezing, watery eyes, nasal obstruction, itchy eyes and nose and frequently also coughing. Pollen is also known to cause asthmatic reactions that are localized in the lower respiratory tract. Skin reactions (urticaria) may occur, as well as reactions in the gastrointestinal tract, central or peripheral nervous system and the cardiovascular system.89
Occupational skin diseases
Published in Chris Winder, Neill Stacey, Occupational Toxicology, 2004
Urticaria (also called hives) is a vascular reaction of the skin marked by the transient appearance of smooth, slightly elevated patches (wheals) which are redder or paler than the surrounding skin, and which are accompanied by severe itching. These eruptions usually occur within 15–60 minutes of exposure, and rarely last longer than a couple of days, although chronic forms occur. Urticaria can be caused by certain foods (such as shellfish), drugs (penicillin), infection or emotional stress. Urticaria may be provoked by either immunological or nonimmunological mechanisms, but is not always associated with allergy.
A comprehensive summary of disease variants implicated in metal allergy
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2022
Type I hypersensitivity responses are immediate-type allergic reactions mediated by antigen-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E molecules. In sensitized individuals, B-cells produce these antibodies, which are then bound by FcεRI (high affinity IgE receptor) molecules expressed on granulocyte cell surfaces including mast cells and basophils. Antigen exposure facilitates IgE cross-linking, and subsequently, cellular degranulation (Murphy, Travers, and Walport 2012). Preformed molecular mediators, including histamine, tryptase, and various cytokines/chemokines, are released during this process and are responsible for the prototypical physiological alterations such as vasodilation or bronchoconstriction observed during this type of allergic response (Hausmann, Schnyder, and Pichler 2010; Moon, Befus, and Kulka 2014). Some examples of type I hypersensitivity responses include anaphylaxis, allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis, and contact urticaria.
High prevalence of neurological sequelae and multiple chemical sensitivity among occupants of a Finnish police station damaged by dampness microbiota
Published in Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, 2021
Saija Hyvönen, Tuija Poussa, Jouni Lohi, Tamara Tuuminen
The symptoms related to the central nervous system (CNS) included “brain fog”, vertigo, problems with concentration and memory, body balance and finding words. The symptoms mediated by the autonomous nervous system were numbness in the limbs, face or tongue, tetanus or muscle weakness. We also inquired about doctor’s diagnosed asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopy, urticaria, rheumatoid diseases, fibromyalgia, hypothyroidism, inflammatory bowel disease, cardiac disease, migraine, diabetes, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, cancer, anxiety, depression, sleep disorder, chronic fatigue, hematologic disease and medicated high blood pressure. Self-reported MCS and respiratory symptoms such as cough, dyspnea, cardiac arrhythmia, fatigue, muscle or joint pain were also defined as primary variables. The questionnaire has been published elsewhere.21
Allergenicity assessment of fungal species using immunoclinical and proteomic techniques: a study on Fusarium lateritium
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2020
Debarati Dey, Swati Gupta Bhattacharya
Inclusion criteria were 18–50 years of age; a history of bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, urticaria and eye problems (viz. angioedema or conjunctivitis) either alone or in different combinations; SPT grade > +1 (for F. lateritium extract), total IgE value >100 International Units and informed consent prior to inclusion, approval from ethical committee of the corresponding hospital. Patients with severe asthma, pregnancy/lactation, malignancy or other severe systemic diseases were excluded from the study. Corticosteroids and antihistamines were prohibited to avoid masking of severe symptoms. Smokers were excluded.