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Nanoparticles Synthesized by Compounds of Marine Macroalgae for Drug Delivery
Published in Parimelazhagan Thangaraj, Lucindo José Quintans Júnior, Nagamony Ponpandian, Nanophytomedicine, 2023
Priyanka Rathod, Kulanthaiyesu Arunkumar
Agar-based NPs are derived from the red seaweeds of Gracilaria and Gelidium. Agar NPs contain two different components, for example, a mix of 30% agaropectin (nongelling agent) branched with 1,3-glycosidic bonded D-galactoseunits and 70% agarose (gelling agent) branched with the D-galactose and 3,6-anhydrogalactose units (Marinho-Soriano and Bourret, 2005). Agar is mainly used in culture media in the form of agar plates or as beads in the electrophoresis process to carry out experiments. Surface modification in galactose subunits of agar NPs was formed by the water emulsion encapsulation method (Wang et al., 1997). A study reported agarose NPs were capsulated with protein and peptides for various drug delivery processes. Agar is used as a capping agent to the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) that produce composite biofilms by reducing the silver nitrate using the green synthesis method. Agar NPs were formed as solvents in the casting surface method. It was characterized by SEM and XRD (Rhim et al., 2013).
Biological Analysis of Fungi and Associated Molds
Published in Christopher S. Cox, Christopher M. Wathes, Bioaerosols Handbook, 2020
It is worth emphasizing differences in mycological culture techniques from those employed by bacteriologists. Because of the relatively slow growth of fungi, agar plates should be incubated loosely enclosed in plastic bags to prevent drying, although conditions should always remain aerobic; this is particularly necessary at high incubation temperatures. Petri dishes of media should not be left open for their surfaces to dry before use because of possible contamination from the many spores common in air. During incubation, Petri dishes should not be inverted since spores will drop onto the lid and may escape to colonize other plates. Fungal cultures should never be opened and smelled because of the risk of inhaling spores. Mycological culture techniques are described by Onions et al.51
Synthesis, antiproliferative activity and mechanism of copper(II)-thiosemicarbazone complexes as potential anticancer and antimicrobial agents
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2020
Jinxu Qi, Xuejiao Wang, Taichen Liu, Martha Kandawa-Schulz, Yihong Wang, Xinhua Zheng
Stock solutions of thiosemicarbazide ligands and Cu(II) complexes were serially diluted two-fold from 512 to 1 μM/mL in Mueller-Hinton (MH) broth. 100 μL of each dilution and 100 μL of bacterial suspension at 1 × 106 cells/mL (OD540 value of 1.0 is equivalent to the density of 109 cells/mL) were transferred into the wells of a microplate, respectively. The negative control (media only) and positive control (bacteria without inhibitors) on the same plate were used as references to determine the growth inhibition of bacteria. All the plates were covered and incubated at 37 °C for 18 h without shaking. After incubation, the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by the lack of turbidity in the wells. The minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were measured by spreading 100 μL of solution from each clear well (≥ MIC) onto agar plates. The agar plates were kept in an incubator at 37 °C for 24 h. the MBC was determined as the lowest concentration with no colonies had formed corresponded.
Blowing in the wind: Bacteria and fungi are spreading from public restroom hand dryers
Published in Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, 2021
Three types of agar culture plates from Teknova Inc. (Hollister, CA, USA) were utilized: 1) Cooke Rose Bengal Agar Plates with Chlortetracycline, for selective cultivation of fungi; 2) Czapek-Dox Agar Plates mainly for propagating fungi; 3) Standard Count Agar Plates with nonselective medium, mainly for detecting bacteria.