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Integrated Omics Technology for Basic and Clinical Research
Published in Jyoti Ranjan Rout, Rout George Kerry, Abinash Dutta, Biotechnological Advances for Microbiology, Molecular Biology, and Nanotechnology, 2022
Kuldeep Giri, Vinod Singh Bisht, Sudipa Maity, Kiran Ambatipudi
Proteomics has been applied for the detection of blood-related cancers such as acute leukemia including myeloid and lymphoblastic leukemia. Fujii et al. (2005) performed proteomics analysis of blood helped in successfully identifying 37 inflammatory and 26 cell communication proteins. Subsequently, a hypothesis was proposed on multinucleate cells evading the cytotoxic T-cells and triggering inflammation and reactive proliferation. Similarly, a combination of 2-DE and MALDI-TOF has been employed for the discovery of differentially expressed proteins in leukemic conditions compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, researchers were successful in identifying proteins involved in glycolysis, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and metastasis (López-Pedrera et al., 2006). The response of the valosin-containing protein (VCP) to glucocorticoid therapy has been analyzed by 2-DE and SELDI-TOF MS that detected the high expression of VCP indicating poor prognosis of the acute lymphoblastic leukemia disease (Lauten et al., 2006).
Big Data and Transcriptomics
Published in Shampa Sen, Leonid Datta, Sayak Mitra, Machine Learning and IoT, 2018
Sudharsana Sundarrajan, Sajitha Lulu, Mohanapriya Arumugam
Golub et al. studied 38 bone marrow samples from acute leukemic patients. The acute leukemia patients were grouped into acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) categories. The investigators used supervised analysis for class prediction using 50 genes, which were differentially expressed between 11 and 27 AML and ALL samples, respectively. The predictor of 50 genes was utilized to test set of 34 new leukemic samples. 29 of 34 samples were correctly classified. The genes used for the prediction were involved in cell cycle, cell adhesion, transcription, and oncogenes, which were found to be involved in cancer pathogenesis. The second part of the same study used class discovery on the initial 38 leukemic samples to determine the efficiency of the global gene expression analysis in distinguishing AML and ALL. They used SOM to distinguish between the two groups. 24 of the 25 ALL samples clustered together in one group and 10 out of 13 AML samples were clustered in a second class. The results of the class discovery studies indicated that it is possible to discover the diagnostic classes of the cancer when morphological tests were unavailable whereas the biological and clinical information were available.11
Indoor Air Pollution
Published in William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel, Reversibility of Chronic Disease and Hypersensitivity, Volume 4, 2017
William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel
They investigated the association between indoor air pollutants and childhood acute leukemia (AL).226 A total of 105 newly diagnosed cases and 105 1:1 gender-, age-, and hospital-matched controls were included. Measurements of indoor pollutants (including nitrogen dioxide [NO2] and 17 types of VOCs) were taken with diffusive samplers for 64 pairs of cases and controls. Higher concentrations of NO2 and almost half of VOCs were observed in the cases than in the controls, and were associated with the increased risk of childhood AL. The use of synthetic materials for wall decoration and furniture in bedroom was related to the risk of childhood AL. Renovating the house in the last 5 years, changing furniture in the last 5 years, closing the doors and windows overnight in the winter and/or summer, paternal smoking history, and outdoor pollutants affected VOC concentrations. Our results support the association between childhood AL and indoor air pollution.226
Infection level identification for leukemia detection using optimized Support Vector Neural Network
Published in The Imaging Science Journal, 2019
Biplab Kanti Das, Himadri Sekhar Dutta
Blood is very important in the functioning of the human body as the vital functions of the body are carried out using blood. Red Blood Cells (RBC), Platelets, and White Blood Cells (WBC) are the components of blood [1]. A haematological neoplasia disease, Leukemia attacks the blood, tissues, bone marrow, and lymphatic. The reproduction of WBC, which is abnormal without suppressing the cell growth of affected bone marrow is characterized by leukemia [2]. Leukemia is classified into acute leukemia, and chronic leukemia, in which Acute leukemia develops due to the overgrowth of very immature blood cells, and Chronic leukemia develops with the overgrowth of mature blood cells. Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) and Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) are the two types of acute leukemia blood disease, which need to be detected in the earlier stages. The diagnosis of ALL and AML is tedious as the symptoms of these diseases are similar to other diseases [3,4]. ALL affects the lymphocytes, termed as a group of lymphocytes. ALL is severe in children of age less than five years, and then it declines and develops again after 50 years. As ALL expands rapidly on vital organs and bloodstreams, and causes severe health problems, it must be treated in its early stage in case of children [5].