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Sustainable Heavy Construction Equipment
Published in J.K. Yates, Daniel Castro-Lacouture, Sustainability in Engineering Design and Construction, 2018
J.K. Yates, Daniel Castro-Lacouture
The EPA emissions reduction requirements and the need for incorporting fuel-efficient engines have resulted in heavy construction equipment manufacturers developing hybrid-electric vehicles. A hybrid-electric vehicle is any type of vehicle using more than one power source. Hybrid-electric systems for heavy construction equipment reduce fuel consumption and CO2 emissions when the electric motor turning the upper structure of the hybrid hydraulic excavator converts kinematic energy—regenerated when the turning of the upper structure slows down—into electric energy. This electric energy is then stored in a capacitor and reused for the next turning of the upper structure. The power-generating motor also reuses the energy produced as extra energy to accelerate the engine revolution speed.
Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Published in Kwang Hee Nam, and Electric Vehicle Applications, 2017
Plug-In Hybrid: In the plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), the battery capacity is enlarged, so that the vehicles can run for a significant range fully by electric mode. Since the vehicle battery can be charged from the power grid, a PHEV does not use a drop of gasoline if it is used for commuting on the daily basis. Depending on the all electric range (AER) in miles, they are sorted as PHEV 10, PHEV 40, and PHEV 60. For example, PHEVs with the energy storage capacity for 10 miles of driving are denoted as PHEV10. The PHEV is a viable solution to reduce the emission of CO2 and toxic gases in urban areas. Plug-in hybrids are favored by potential customers due to low operation costs. Chevrolet “Volt,” which is planned for roll out in 2011, is a PHEV.
Fuels and Trends
Published in Arumugam S. Ramadhas, Alternative Fuels for Transportation, 2016
Hybrid electric vehicles combine the internal combustion engine of a conventional vehicle with the battery and electric motor of an electric vehicle resulting in better fuel economy. The power of the hybrid vehicle’s internal combustion engine generally ranges from 1/10th to 1/4th of the conventional automobile. In a HEV, when the driver applies the brakes, the motor becomes a generator, using the kinetic energy of the vehicle to generate electricity that can be stored in the battery for later use. The high efficiency and fuel economy are achieved by carefully adjusting the operating parameters of power-plant (IC-engine or motor) always around optimum efficiency conditions. A hybrid can achieve the cruising range and performance advantages of conventional vehicles with the low-noise, low-exhaust emissions, and energy independence benefits of electric vehicles.
Challenges and solutions in automotive powertrain systems
Published in Journal of Control and Decision, 2018
Tielong Shen, Mingxin Kang, Jinwu Gao, Jiangyan Zhang, Yuhu Wu
The powertrain system of a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) mainly consists of electric motor, battery and combustion engine. HEV is beneficial for fuel economy and lower emission performance, since the power demand can be realised by coordinating the operating points of the engine and the motor. Hence, the control development of hybrid powertrains is also significant. A schematic of a HEV control system is as shown in Figure 3. According to the real-time driver demand, the control algorithms for energy management of HEV decide the commands of each actuator for achieving desired performance with respect to fuel economy, emission reduction, etc. Since the last two decades, the investigations for energy management of HEV have been attracted widely attentions from both engineer and researchers (Ehsani, Gao, Gay, & Emadi, 2005). Rule-based method is shown as an effective method for performance improvement (Serrao, Onori, & Rizzoni, 2011). However, for achieving energy saving, optimal control design is considerable to deal with the energy management problem under the physical constraints of the powertrain system (Rizzoni & Onori, 2012; Sciarretta et al., 2014). Moreover, for the energy management of HEV, control design for real-time optimisation is essential in practice due to the stochasticity of the external inputs and the strong non-linearity in the system dynamics.
Real-time energy management based on ECMS with stochastic optimized adaptive equivalence factor for HEVs
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2018
Xiaohong Jiao, Yang Li, Fuguo Xu, Yuan Jing
Unlike traditional fueled vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) can use the electrical power stored in the battery to propel the vehicle. And the proper energy management strategies (EMS) controlling the engine and electrical power flows are crucial to improving fuel economy. Meanwhile, uncertain driving cycle in practice results in the issue of implementation of the global optimal management solution to fuel economy. Thus, for in practice both the really near-optimal power split among the power sources and implementable strategy, a real-time energy management strategy to minimize fuel-electricity consumptions for commuter HEVs is investigated in this paper, which is based on ECMS with stochastic optimized adaptive equivalence factor. The paper presents not only the academic contribution but also the experimental results on the specialized HEV GT-suite simulator by utilizing the real traffic speed data.
An Adaptive Algorithm for Battery Charge Monitoring based on Frequency Domain Analysis
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2021
Poulomi Ganguly, Surajit Chattopadhyay, B.N Biswas
Based on the consumption of electricity, there are many different types of electric vehicles. Grid-connected electric vehicles absorb the electricity from overhead or underground cables. Battery-based electric vehicles (BEV) have rechargeable batteries installed. Energy from the battery is used for vehicle operation and needs to be recharged once it’s down. Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) use a combination of a battery and conventional fuels to operate them. Separate charging is not required for the HEV battery as it gets charged through the process of regenerative braking. Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEV) uses batteries that can be charged from regular power outlets available domestically, commercially, or can also be powered by an engine [10].