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Direct Conversion of an AC–DC Converter for Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles
Published in L. Ashok Kumar, S. Albert Alexander, Power Converters for Electric Vehicles, 2020
L. Ashok Kumar, S. Albert Alexander
Power electronics plays an important role in the plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. A plug-in hybrid electric vehicle is a hybrid electric vehicle, the battery of which can be recharged by plugging it into an external source of electric power, as well as by its onboard engine and generator. Most of the fields use the conventional three-stage converter that converts the AC/DC and DC/AC. But it uses a more number of inductors, diodes, and transducers. The conventional topology is composed of three stages: first, bidirectional AC/DC that acts as a rectifier and an inverter; second, DC/DC that regulates the battery charging capacity and feedback to the grid; and third, again a DC/DC converter that is used to boost the voltage to the high-voltage DC bus and transfer the energy to the battery and electric traction. Here we implemented the single-stage converter for reducing the number of inductors and switches and higher conversion efficiency, which act as a direct conversion of AC/DC.
Applying Technology to Sustainability, Part II
Published in Julie Kerr, Introduction to Energy and Climate, 2017
Plug-in hybrid technology allows gasoline-electric hybrid vehicles to be recharged from the electrical power grid and run many miles on battery power alone. Because electric motors are far more efficient than internal combustion engines, vehicles that use electricity almost always produce less climate change pollution than gasoline vehicles, even when the electricity used to fuel them is generated from coal. The benefits are even greater when vehicles are fueled with renewable-generated electricity.
Hybrid Power for Mobile Systems
Published in Yatish T. Shah, Hybrid Power, 2021
The principal difference between the previously described HEV variants and the PHEV is that the latter is fitted with a larger battery that can be charged from the electric utility grid (“plugged in”) and that operates in a charge-depleting mode; that is, the state of charge of the battery is allowed to vary over a much larger range, 50 percent being typically proposed. The significant fuel consumption benefit is obtained during urban driving when the vehicle can be driven on electric power only. Once the all-electric range has been achieved and the battery discharged to its lowest allowable state of charge, the vehicle is operated in the charge-sustaining mode and differs little from the HEV. While the micro and ISG hybrids offer some improvement in fuel consumption for a relatively modest cost, it is the power-split HEV and PHEV architectures that promise a significant improvement. The PHEV also offers the long-term potential for displacing fossil fuels with other primary energy sources such as nuclear or renewable sources of electricity, depending on the fuel source of the electric grid from which the PHEV draws electricity [2,8,13,20,24]. The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 defines a plug-in hybrid as a light-, medium-, or heavy-duty vehicle that draws motive power from a battery with a capacity of at least 4 kilowatt-hours and can be recharged from an external source of electricity. The plug-in hybrid is usually a general fuel-electric (parallel or serial) hybrid with increased energy storage capacity, usually through a lithium-ion battery, which allows the vehicle to drive on an all-electric mode a distance that depends on the battery size and its mechanical layout (series or parallel). Hybrid Fuel Cell Vehicle
Transitioning to zero-emission bus fleets: state of practice of implementations in the United States
Published in Transport Reviews, 2021
Aikaterini Deliali, Dany Chhan, Jennifer Oliver, Rassil Sayess, Krystal J. Godri Pollitt, Eleni Christofa
Fuel cell plug-in hybrid buses are similar to the previously described fuel cell buses with respect to their powertrain configuration, i.e. both contain on-board batteries and fuel cells. The main difference of the plug-in hybrid is that its battery can be charged by plugging it in, in addition to the battery charging that occurs onboard from the fuel cell stack and regenerative braking (Figure 12). Moreover, the batteries are the primary source of powering the drive motor, while the fuel cell stack is used to recharge them when the level of charge drops below a certain threshold (Prasad, 2011). This technology is the least common type of ZEB, and implementations have been mostly experimental, i.e. short-term demonstrations initiated by manufacturers.