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Haematological Disease
Published in John S. Axford, Chris A. O'Callaghan, Medicine for Finals and Beyond, 2023
This high-risk therapy offers the only chance of a long-term cure for the most aggressive haematological malignancies. HSCs can be harvested from the patient themselves (autologous stem cells) or a relative or an unrelated donor who has the same tissue type as the patient (allogeneic stem cells). The patient then undergoes chemo- and/or radiotherapy to obliterate their own bone marrow cells, including any residual malignant cells, before being infused with the stem cells from the donor.
Host-Parasite Interactions With Macrophages In Culture
Published in Hans H. Gadebusch, Phagocytes and Cellular Immunity, 2020
Lee S. F. Soderberg, Morris Solotorovsky
Bone marrow cells have been cultured from the mouse femur by Bennett.52 The marrow was forced out of the dissected and transected bone with Eagle’s minimal essential medium delivered with a hypodermic syringe. The cell suspension was triturated and the suspended cells were transferred to Leighton tubes. When grown in semisolid medium, mouse bone marrow cells proliferate over 7 days in culture giving rise to discrete clones of mononuclear cells that are 85 to 100% phagocytic.70 These glassadherent cells were as phagocytic as peritoneal exudate cells. Bone marrow-cloned macrophages were not found capable of replacing spleen-adherent cells in the induction of antibody responses of mouse spleen cells.71 Such progenitor cells that give rise to clones of macrophages also have been reported among thioglycollate-induced mouse peritoneal cells72 and among hamster alveolar cells.73
Regeneration of Cardiomyocytes from Bone Marrow Stem Cells and Application to Cell Transplantation Therapy
Published in Richard K. Burt, Alberto M. Marmont, Stem Cell Therapy for Autoimmune Disease, 2019
We also observed that transplanted bone marrow cells differentiated into cardiomyocytes in the recipient heart in vivo (unpublished observation). These findings provided direct evidence that bone marrow cells can regenerate various types of cells in cardiac tissue. We expect cardiac tissues damaged by myocardial infarction or other diseases to be repaired by bone-marrow-derived stem cells in the near future, and the precise mechanism should be investigated to achieve this goal.
Irreversible electroporation ablation overcomes tumor-associated immunosuppression to improve the efficacy of DC vaccination in a mice model of pancreatic cancer
Published in OncoImmunology, 2021
Jia Yang, Aydin Eresen, Junjie Shangguan, Quanhong Ma, Vahid Yaghmai, Zhuoli Zhang
DCs were derived from bone marrow progenitor cells as described.32 Briefly, 6–8 weeks old C57BL/6 female mice were used for the generation of DCs. The bone marrow cells were harvested from the femurs. Then, the cells were cultured in complete RPMI1640 containing mouse recombinant IL-4 (1 ng/ml) and GM-CSF (10 ng/ml) (both Invivogen, San Diego, CA) for 8 days in a petri dish. On day 8, immature DCs were harvested by collecting non-adherent cells and then immediately pulsed by incubation with KPC tumor cell lysates in the presence of 100 ng/ml IFN-γ and 250 ng/ml LPS – E. coli 0111:B4 (both from Invivogen, San Diego, CA). KPC lysates were generated by collecting and resuspending KPC tumor cells at 1 × 106 cells/ml in PBS, followed by irradiation with UV for 20 minutes (0.75 J/cm2) and 24 h incubation.
Dietary iron variably modulates assembly of the intestinal microbiota in colitis-resistant and colitis-susceptible mice
Published in Gut Microbes, 2020
Melissa Ellermann, Raad Z. Gharaibeh, Nitsan Maharshak, Ernesto Peréz-Chanona, Christian Jobin, Ian M. Carroll, Janelle C. Arthur, Scott E Plevy, Anthony A. Fodor, Cory R. Brouwer, R. Balfour Sartor
Bone marrow cells were isolated as described.70 Conditioned medium from murine fibroblast line L929 served as a source of M-CSF for macrophage differentiation.71 BMDMs were seeded in 24-well plates and maintained in RPMI 1640 (Gibco) with 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS, Gibco) and 1% penicillin/streptomycin/antimycotic (Gibco) at 37°C, 5% CO2. To assess the impact of iron on BMDM cytokine production, BMDMs were stimulated with heat-killed E. coli NC101 (MOI = 10) following the addition of the indicated amounts of ferrous sulfate to cultures. After 8 hrs, supernatants were collected and stored at −20°C to assess cytokine production. BMDM viability was assessed via the reduction of tetrazolium dye, MTT, using spectrophotometry.
Clinical pharmacology in HIV cure research – what impact have we seen?
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, 2019
Andrea Giacomelli, Sonia de Rose, Stefano Rusconi
As it has previously mentioned, the anecdotal case of the ‘Berlin patient’ highlights the possibility of HIV eradication by allopoietic bone marrow cells transplantation with implanted cells intrinsically resistant to HIV infection [11]. Nevertheless, this case was not further reproduced; a recent work by Colonna et al. in cART-suppressed non-human primates infected by SIV showed how allopoietic hematopoietic cell transplantation is insufficient for HIV eradication despite high-level donor chimerism and graft versus host disease due to the persistence of HIV in multiple sites including the brain [132]. Nowadays, several strategies based on gene and cell therapy have been tested in order to evaluate HIV cure approaches from in vitro studies to clinical trial [133]. These include engineering HIV-specific immunity in T-cells, gene editing approaches to render all blood cells in the body HIV-resistant starting from the proof of concept of the ‘Berlin patient’, and a combination of both these strategies. As for pharmacological intervention, it is unlikely that a single intervention could lead to complete HIV eradication. Conversely, a combination of multiple intervention based on cell and gene therapy are more likely to give some results.