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Incontinence (Urinary)
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Urinary incontinence is the involuntary leakage of urine so that an individual urinates when they do not intend to. Control over the urinary sphincter is either lost or weakened. Urinary incontinence is more common in older individuals, especially women. It is a distressing problem that can have a profoundly negative impact on the quality of life.
Answers
Published in Andrew Schofield, Paul Schofield, The Complete SAQ Study Guide, 2019
Andrew Schofield, Paul Schofield
Urinary incontinence can be a distressing symptom. It is more commonly seen in women who have had children and can affect their Uves adversely. It is important to define the type of incontinence, as treatment varies widely between that of urge or stress incontinence. Some forms of constant incontinence may be due to congenital abnormalities or neurological deficits. Urodynamic assessment can be used to assess different types of incontinence. Stress incontinence can be managed with pelvic floor exercises and such lifestyle changes as smoking cessation and weight loss, or surgical methods such as transvaginal tape insertion. TVT insertion may require reversal due to unacceptable urinary retention symptoms. Management of urge incontinence also focuses on such lifestyle changes as avoiding caffeine and alcohol, and bladder retraining. Other treatment for urge incontinence involves such medications as antimuscarinic or tricyclic antidepressants.
Fluid balance and continence care
Published in Barbara Smith, Linda Field, Nursing Care, 2019
If there are problems or deficits with any of these factors, the person may become incontinent. With this in mind, we can consider the possible causes of urinary incontinence, which include the following: InfectionConstipationMuscle damageNerve damageCongenital problemsImmobilisation/problems with mobilityInability to communicate appropriatelyStress incontinence after childbirth
Does the climacteric influence the prevalence, incidence and type of urinary incontinence?
Published in Climacteric, 2023
The reported prevalence of urinary incontinence among women varies widely in different studies due to the use of different definitions, the heterogenicity of different study populations and population sampling procedures (summarized in Milsom et al. [1]). In addition, different definitions of urinary incontinence have been applied. Urinary incontinence has been defined in the joint report from the International Urogynecological Association (IUGA)/International Continence Society (ICS) as any involuntary leakage of urine [13]. However, some authors have chosen to restrict prevalence figures according to the frequency of involuntary urinary leakage – for example, based only on daily, weekly, monthly or annual urinary leakage. Thus, for the reasons already given, it is difficult to compare the results of different population studies. However, when reviewing the literature, there is considerable evidence to support the theory that the prevalence of urinary incontinence in women increases with age, but there are divergent opinions regarding the pattern of this increase [1,14–19].
Supervised pelvic floor muscle exercise is more effective than unsupervised pelvic floor muscle exercise at improving urinary incontinence in prostate cancer patients following radical prostatectomy – a systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2022
Freerk T. Baumann, Nadine Reimer, Theresa Gockeln, Alexandra Reike, Michael Hallek, Christian Ricci, Eva M. Zopf, Daniela Schmid, Dennis Taaffe, Robert U. Newton, Daniel A. Galvao, Michael Leitzmann
With over 1.1 million diagnoses annually, prostate cancer is the second most common cancer of all newly diagnosed cancer cases worldwide and the 5th most common cancer-related cause of death in men [1]. Over the last two decades, robot-assisted radical prostatectomy has gained popularity worldwide and is now recognised as a leading therapy option for men with prostate cancer. The technically advanced precision of this method allows for more nerve-sparing surgery, which positively influences the continence rates of prostate cancer patients [2]. Risk factors for urinary incontinence after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy mainly include bladder neck preservation and prostate size [3]. The symptoms of urinary incontinence, irrespective of the surgical procedure, typically appear immediately post-surgery and generally subside within the first few months following surgery. However, in some cases, patients may never regain urinary continence [4,5]. The extent of urinary incontinence depends on the definition of urinary incontinence, the assessment method, patient characteristics (tumor stage, prostate weight, comorbidities, age, body mass index), surgical procedure, and experience of the surgeon [4,5]. The International Continence Society defines urinary incontinence Symptom as the “Complaint of involuntary loss of urine” [6].
The clinical implications and importance of anemia in older women
Published in Acta Clinica Belgica, 2022
Osman Kara, Lee Smith, Semen Gokce Tan, Pinar Soysal
Patients’ age, gender, education level, and comorbidities were recorded. In addition, comorbidity status of the patients was evaluated using the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). All the participants underwent the CGA including Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Geriatric Depression Scale-15 for neurocognitive evaluation, Basic and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (BADL and IADL) for functional evaluation, Tinetti Performance-Oriented Assessment of Mobility (POMA) and Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) for mobility evaluation. Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) was performed in all patients to detect nutritional status. If the total MNA score was > 23.5 and ≤23.5, the patient was categorised as ‘well nourished’ and ‘poor nutritional status’, respectively. While the number of drugs used by the patients was recorded, the drugs and their subgroups were not recorded in detail. Using five or more drugs was considered as polypharmacy. Urinary incontinence was defined as involuntary urinary leakage in the last 3 months except for urinary tract infection. Repeated falls were considered positive if the patient had fallen at least twice in the previous year except for slipping on a carpet or on wet ground [9]. Depression was diagnosed using the geriatric depression scale-15 (GDS-15). A score of ≥5 on the GDS-15 was considered as depression [14]. MMSE scores < 24 was considered as cognitive impairment [15].