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The Reproductive System and Its Disorders
Published in Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss, Understanding Medical Terms, 2020
Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss
The most common intrinsic mass within the scrotum is hydrocele (hydro- = water; -cede = hernia), a condition characterized by excessive accumulation of normal fluid within the tunica vaginalis testis (the peritoneal covering of the testis) resulting from inflammation or reduced resorption. Hematocele is an accumulation of blood in the tunica vaginalis. Spermatocele (also called spermatic cyst), unlike hydrocele and hematocele, occurs in the epididymis, not the tunica vaginalis, and it contains sperm; an epididymis cyst also occurs in the epididymis, but it differs from a spermatic cyst in that it contains clear fluid rather than sperm.
Effects on Human Males of In Utero Exposure to Exogenous Sex Hormones
Published in Takao Mori, Hiroshi Nagasawa, Toxicity of Hormones in Perinatal Life, 2020
Epididymal cysts were the most frequently found anatomical abnormalities in young adult men 25 years after exposure to DES in utero in both the Chicago5 and Beth Israel6 studies. In the double-blind Chicago study, epididymal (spermatocele) cysts were found in 20.8% of 308 DES-exposed patients vs. 4.9% of 307 placebo-exposed control (p < 0.005). Epididymal cysts were located in the efferent ductule/superior epididymis area. The gross and microscopic appearance of an epididymal cyst from an in utero DES-exposed 25-year-old male is shown in Figure 1. Although the cyst was lined by columnar epithelium, the secretory cells characterizing the normal epididymis were absent. Because no spermatozoa were found in the fluid, the criterion for a spermatocele was absent. Aspirates of epididymal (spermatocele) cysts from nine DES-exposed men revealed straw-colored fluid without spermatozoa in six cases and a slightly milky fluid containing sperm in three cases. Aspirates of epididymal cysts from two control patients revealed sperm in one case. Cytologic examinations of all of these aspirated cysts revealed only spermatozoa and/or epithelial cells and/or amorphous precipitates with no suggestions of malignancy.
Test Paper 7
Published in Teck Yew Chin, Susan Cheng Shelmerdine, Akash Ganguly, Chinedum Anosike, Get Through, 2017
Teck Yew Chin, Susan Cheng Shelmerdine, Akash Ganguly, Chinedum Anosike
The US findings of intratesticular varicocele are similar to those of extratesticular varicocele and include multiple anechoic, serpiginous and tubular structures of varying sizes. Colour flow and duplex Doppler US show a venous flow pattern with a characteristic venous spectral waveform, which increases with the Valsalva manoeuvre. An intratesticular spermatocele is a cystic intraparenchymal lesion that is attached to the mediastinum in the area of the rete testis.
Epidemiology of hydrocele and spermatocele; incidence, treatment and complications
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Urology, 2019
Karl-Johan Lundström, Lars Söderström, Henning Jernow, Pär Stattin, Pär Nordin
With regards to the differences in age between treatment modality there are some possible explanations to why surgery has the lowest mean age. Sclerotherapy has been shown to reduce sperm counts and has, therefore, not been used in men with a paternity wish [13]. However, since no comparison has been made between sclerotherapy and surgery for hydrocele, it cannot be determined if surgery would be better for fertility. Another study suggests that surgery for hydro or spermatoceles constitute a risk of damage to the epididymis in between 5–17% [14]. Thus, this is an unresolved issue in hydro and spermatocele repair that remains to be examined.
Complications after scrotal surgery – still a major issue?
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Urology, 2021
Anna Krarup Keller, Maiken Milly Howard, Jørgen Bjerggaard Jensen
Hydrocele and spermatocele are benign conditions often leading to referral to a urological department. In our department, we found a complication rate of 34% in the first year of this study. It was nonsignificantly reduced to 23% the following year. This is in accordance with the literature, where a complication rate of 17–27% has been described [1–4].