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Urinary Tract Infections (UTI)
Published in Manit Arya, Taimur T. Shah, Jas S. Kalsi, Herman S. Fernando, Iqbal S. Shergill, Asif Muneer, Hashim U. Ahmed, MCQs for the FRCS(Urol) and Postgraduate Urology Examinations, 2020
Nish Bedi, Ali Omar, Jas S. Kalsi
Malakoplakia is a rare inflammatory condition which commonly presents as a papule, plaque or ulceration that usually affects the genito-urinary tract. Microscopically it is characterised by the presence of foamy histiocytes with basophilic inclusions called Michaelis-Gutmann bodies and usually involves gram-negative bacteria. Malakoplakia is thought to result from the insufficient killing of bacteria by macrophages and the partially digested bacteria therefore accumulate in macrophages and lead to a deposition of iron and calcium. The impairment of bactericidal activity manifests itself as the formation of an ulcer, plaque or papule. It is associated with patients with a history of immunosuppression due to lymphoma, diabetes mellitus, renal transplantation, or because of long-term therapy with systemic corticosteroids.
Endometrial inflammation
Published in T. Yee Khong, Annie N. Y. Cheung, Wenxin Zheng, Richard Wing-Cheuk Wong, Hao Chen, Diagnostic Endometrial Pathology, 2019
T. Yee Khong, Annie N. Y. Cheung, Wenxin Zheng
Malakoplakia is an unusual inflammatory condition that may mimic a malignant neoplasm. It is associated with immunodeficiency states and thought to be caused by a defective macrophage response to bacterial infection. The bacteria most commonly implicated are coliforms. Malakoplakia involving the endometrium has only been reported infrequently. The patients have all been postmenopausal and presented with postmenopausal bleeding with, in some cases, tumor-like masses.
Test Paper 6
Published in Teck Yew Chin, Susan Cheng Shelmerdine, Akash Ganguly, Chinedum Anosike, Get Through, 2017
Teck Yew Chin, Susan Cheng Shelmerdine, Akash Ganguly, Chinedum Anosike
Malakoplakia is a rare chronic inflammatory disease primarily affecting the bladder, with decreasing incidence with increasing proximity to the kidney. Small smooth papules, nodules or plaque-like mural defects of the affected urinary tract are characteristic. Malakoplakia can be associated with immunosuppression, diabetes mellitus, renal transplants or long-term corticosteroid use. Leukoplakia is characterised by soft-tissue flakes that can be passed in the urine during micturition. Haemorrhagic cystitis and emphysematous cystitis can occur with E. coli infections but are associated with intraluminal blood clots and gas deposits, respectively. Bladder outflow obstruction results in a thick-walled bladder with trabeculations.
Rectal malakoplakia
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2020
Ted George Achufusi, Kegan Jessamy, Philip Chebaya, Sekou Rawlins
Malakoplakia is a rare chronic granulomatous condition that may manifest in multiple organs. Presentation can vary depending on the organ involved, presenting a diagnostic challenge. The gastrointestinal tract is the second most common site of involvement after the urinary tract. The most common sites of colonic involvement are the rectum, sigmoid, and right colon, in descending order of frequency. The proposed predisposing factors include localized infection, immunosuppression, neoplasia, and systemic illness.1 Herein, we present the case of a man who presented with complaints of painless hematochezia and was diagnosed with malakoplakia through rectal mass biopsy during colonoscopy.