China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Granulomatous Diseases
Published in Ayşe Serap Karadağ, Lawrence Charles Parish, Jordan V. Wang, Roxburgh's Common Skin Diseases, 2022
Albert Alhatem, Robert A. Schwartz, Muriel W. Lambert, W. Clark Lambert
Final comment: Histiocytosis X is a rare disease that is diagnosed based on the presence of histiocytes in the tissue. The diffuse disease develops into a chronic form in 60%, achieve remission in 30%, or result in death in up to 10%.
Selected Heritable Skin Diseases of Domesticated Animals
Published in John P. Sundberg, Handbook of Mouse Mutations with Skin and Hair Abnormalities, 2020
Robert W. Dunstan, Robert A. Kennis
Morphologic features — Histologically, systemic histiocytosis is characterized by the presence of perivascular to nodular infiltrates in the dermis and subcutaneous fat, composed primarily of histiocytic cells with various degrees of small lymphocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils (Figure 11A). Occasionally, there is evidence of both large and small vessel vasculitis as defined by the presence of histiocytic infiltrates into the vessel wall with concurrent thrombosis and vascular necrosis (Figure 11B). The histiocytic cells are relatively monomorphic with moderately abundant, amphophilic cytoplasms with single, round-to-ovoid-to-reniform nuclei having a reticulated chromatin pattern and nucleoli which are often obscured by the chromatin pattern. Mitotic activity is generally low, and abnormal mitotic figures are seldom noted.
Oncology
Published in Rachel U Sidwell, Mike A Thomson, Concise Paediatrics, 2020
Rachel U Sidwell, Mike A Thomson
The histiocytoses are a group of disorders involving proliferation of histiocytic cells in the bone marrow of the dendritic cell or monocyte–macrophage systems. Many are benign proliferations, though some are malignant. They are classified on the basis of histology.
Chediak Higashi Syndrome with Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis
Published in Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 2023
Moeinadin Safavi, Nima Parvaneh
HLH is characterized by the proliferation of activated lymphocytes and histiocytes with hematophagocytosis. HLH can be primary (due to hereditary diseases like familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL), and CHS) or secondary to an underlying infection, autoimmune process, or malignancy. Its clinical manifestations may mimic a systemic infection, hepatitis, or encephalitis. The most prevalent clinical signs are fever and hepatomegaly (90%), splenomegaly (80%), neurological symptoms (45%), and lymphadenopathy (40%). Five out of the eight following criteria are necessary for HLH diagnosis: fever, splenomegaly, cytopenia (≥2 lineages), hypertriglyceridemia and/or hypofibrinogenemia, hemophagocytosis, impaired NK cell function, hyperferritinemia (> 500 ng/mL), and sCD25 > 2400 U/mL [2–5].
Abdominal wall mycobacterial spindle cell pseudotumor lesion
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2021
Douglas D. Lim, Abida Bushra, Haiying Zhang
A computed tomography scan of his abdomen revealed a 5.3 cm upper abdominal wall soft tissue mass with erosion of the xyphoid process extending into the omental fat; this was thought to be a neoplasm. A core needle biopsy of the mass revealed large areas of spindled to focally epithelioid cell aggregates with bland nuclei and abundant pale cytoplasm (Figure 1a). Occasional multinucleated histiocytes with lymphocytes, plasma cells, and focal neutrophils were also present. There were no atypical lymphoid cells or evidence of carcinoma. The spindled cells were diffusely positive for CD163 on immunohistochemical staining. S-100 immunostain focally highlighted the spindle cells and intracytoplasmic bacilli. CD34 immunostain was negative in the spindle cells. A Ziehl-Neelsen stain was positive for numerous acid-fast bacilli (Figure 1b). The histologic findings of spindle-shaped histiocytes containing acid-fast bacilli are compatible with the diagnosis of mycobacterial spindle cell pseudotumor.
Long-time remission of laryngeal Rosai–Dorfman disease with thalidomide: a report of three cases
Published in Hematology, 2021
A 39-year-old male who did not have any significant past medical history presented to our outpatient department in 2006 with a two-year history of nasal obstruction. Electronic laryngoscopy revealed multiple submucous nodular lesions located at the nasal septum, the posterior region of the vocal cord, and subglottis. Abnormal laboratory results included an increased erythrocyte sediment rate (ESR) of 60mm/h (normal range, 0–13 mm/h) and C-reactive protein (CRP) of 71 mg/L (normal range, 0–3 mg/L). Surgical resection and biopsy of the nasal mass were performed in December 2006. Microscopic examination showed numerous histiocytes mixed with plasma cells and lymphocytes in the background. The large histiocytes contained abundant pale cytoplasm and exhibited emperipolesis (phagocytosis of lymphocyte or erythrocyte) (Figure 1(A)). Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the histiocytes were S-100, CD68 positive, and CD1a negative (Figure 1(A–D)). Based on these findings, the diagnosis of RDD was established. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis showed no lymphadenopathy or other organ involvement.