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USA Suicide
Published in John R. Cutcliffe, José Carlos Santos, Paul S. Links, Juveria Zaheer, Henry G. Harder, Frank Campbell, Rod McCormick, Kari Harder, Yvonne Bergmans, Rahel Eynan, Routledge International Handbook of Clinical Suicide Research, 2013
Although declining consistently over time, firearms remain the most frequently employed method in US suicides. For the year 2010, firearms were utilized in 19,392 of the 38,364 deaths by suicide (50.5%). For the nation as a whole, hanging, strangulation, and suffocation represented more than 2 out of every 10 intentional deaths (9,493; 24.7%); while poisons, which includes solid, liquid, and gas poisons, were almost 2 of every 10 suicides (6,599; 17.2%); and all other methods combined were less than 1 of 10 (2,880; 7.8%). Gender differences in suicide methods are apparent, with men using firearms as their most common method (16,962; 56.0%) while women most often used poisons (3,026; 37.4%). Suffocation ranked second for men (7,592; 25.1%) while firearms were second for women (2,430; 30.0%). Men infrequently used poisons in their suicides (3,573; 11.8%). Firearms as a suicide method increased consistently and dramatically in the USA from the end of the 1940s until approximately 1990 for the nation and for both men and women. In addition, since that time a consistent decline for each of these same groups can be seen for the subsequent two decades (through 2010; McIntosh, 2012).
Relationship Between Emotion Regulation and Suicide Ideation and Attempt in Adults and Adolescents: A Systematic Review
Published in Archives of Suicide Research, 2022
Lidia Colmenero-Navarrete, Esperanza García-Sancho, José M. Salguero
A remarkable result of our review is that a few less than half of the studies reviewed have been published in the last 2 years. Considering this growing interest in the field, it seems relevant to consider the following limitations of the literature. First, all the studies except six used a cross-sectional design, so more longitudinal research is required to examine whether initial levels of ER are predictive of changes in SI and/or SA over time. Second, most of the studies measuring ER employed the DERS, which focuses on specific processes (e.g., awareness, clarity, nonacceptance, impulse). Future studies must use other measures of ER processes (e.g., meta-emotional or meta-cognitions beliefs) that are also involved in ER (Trincas, Bilotta, & Mancini, 2016); this endeavor might expand our knowledge about ER processes involved in suicide. Third, studies with adolescents are more limited (we only identified one study with specific strategies; Quintana-Orts et al., 2020), and it is essential to know how individuals begin to regulate their emotions. Hence, it is necessary to extend the studies with this population. Last, most of the studies were carried out using females. Research about gender differences in suicide has shown that men complete suicide more frequently than females, while females engage significantly more frequently in SAs (Schrijvers, Bollen, & Sabbe, 2012). Thus, it is important to have a representative sample in terms of gender, because both genders are highly involved in suicide.
Grassroots collaborations to address the trauma of suicide: Establishing the first suicide prevention lifeline in the republic of Armenia
Published in International Journal of Mental Health, 2022
A. Kalayjian, K. Huang, S. Sabbour, M. Yasin
In Armenia, the rate of suicide per 100,000 people was reported to be 5.7 in 2016, a rate that was higher among men than among women (GHO, 2018). The rate of suicide attempts in adolescents is particularly concerning, with 15- to 16-year-old students indicating a lifetime rate of 4.1% in a study where the median lifetime rate was 10.5% (Kokkevi et al., 2012). 15% of Armenian students reported having previous thoughts of self-harm, which was found to be an increased risk factor for suicide attempts (Kokkevi et al., 2012). The need for suicide prevention and intervention becomes even greater when looking at gender differences in suicide attempts. Specifically, there is an increased risk for suicide attempts among female adolescents compared to males in several countries, however, this risk is particularly high in Armenia (Kokkevi et al., 2012).
The Relationship Between Adult Attachment and Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors: A Systematic Review
Published in Archives of Suicide Research, 2021
Tiago C. Zortea, Cindy M. Gray, Rory C. O’Connor
A secondary aim was to investigate whether there are gender differences in the relationship between attachment and STB. Although gender differences regarding suicide are prominent and well documented in suicide research more generally, the same cannot be concluded for the attachment-STB literature. Few studies reported the effect of gender on the relationship between attachment and STB. Although six studies demonstrated that insecure attachment increased suicide risk in women, the generalizability of these findings should be interpreted with caution because the majority of the studies were cross-sectional and they represent only 21% of the total articles in this systematic review and 12.2% of the total number of participants. Moreover, it was often difficult to investigate the relationship in men because there were too few male participants in the majority of these studies. Thus, there is insufficient evidence to draw any conclusions on gender differences on the relationship between attachment and STB.