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General Thermography
Published in James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead, Human Medical Thermography, 2023
James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead
Testicular torsion is an emergency condition where one testicle rotates in the scrotal sac, occluding the testicular artery. The resulting testicular ischemia produces extreme pain of rapid onset on the affected side. Swelling may also be present, making the diagnosis of acute epididymitis a possible diagnosis. Since the arterial occlusion stops warm blood from entering the scrotum, the involved testicle should appear cool to thermography, as opposed to the warm appearance of epididymitis. Experimental torsion of the testicular artery in animals has confirmed this, testicular torsion results in significant testicular cooling as measured by thermography; rewarming occurs quickly upon reduction of the experimental torsion.184 Thermography utilized in the emergency department may be extremely useful in the diagnosis of testicular torsion as well as in confirmation of its correction.
Urinary Tract Infections, Genital Ulcers and Syphilis
Published in Miriam Orcutt, Clare Shortall, Sarah Walpole, Aula Abbara, Sylvia Garry, Rita Issa, Alimuddin Zumla, Ibrahim Abubakar, Handbook of Refugee Health, 2021
Epididymitis is infection or inflammation of the epididymis. It can be caused by STIs (e.g. Chlamydia and gonorrhoea) or non-STI bacteria. It usually presents unilaterally with tenderness and swelling over the scrotum; it can become epididymo-orchitis with associated hydrocele. Consider TB.
Hip Pain
Published in Benjamin Apichai, Chinese Medicine for Lower Body Pain, 2021
Epididymitis symptoms: Pain or discomfort in the lower abdomen or pelvic area.Testicle pain and tenderness, usually on one side, that usually comes on gradually.Painful urination or an urgent or frequent need to urinate.Discharge from the penis.Blood in the semen.
Effects of testicular sperm aspiration upon first cycle ICSI-ET for type 2 diabetic male patients
Published in Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine, 2020
Xiang Liu, Ming Gao, Jianhua Sun, Zheng Sun, Juan Song, Xia Xue, Zhou Zhang, Juanzi Shi, Junping Xing
Many adverse effects of DM upon male reproductive function are related to disorders of glucose metabolism, which is important for spermatogenesis for sperm motility and fertilization that require the participation of glucose (Ding et al. 2015). T2DM associated inflammation and increased oxidative stress, results in decreased sperm motility and increased sperm DNA fragmentation (Condorelli et al. 2018). It has also found that there exists an alteration in the gene expression of male diabetic patients which is involved in oxidative stress (Mallidis et al. 2009). The mechanism of male diabetes combined with azoospermia is related to hyperglycemia causing infection/inflammation of the male accessory gland (Patterson and Andriole 1997; Condorelli et al. 2013). It is well known that long-term chronic epididymitis can block epididymal duct and sperm release which will result in subfertility.
A profile of the cobas® CT/NG assay on the cobas® 6800/8800 system for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Published in Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 2020
Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections are not only the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) worldwide [1,2], they are the most commonly reported notifiable infectious diseases among those reported to the United States (US) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) each year [3]. The disease burden caused by more than 200 million cases per year is staggering due to the complications that result from untreated infections. Both chlamydial and gonococcal infections are strongly related to pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, adverse outcomes of pregnancy and eventual tubal factor infertility among women [4]. In men, untreated infections can lead to proctitis, epididymitis and enteritis. In rare cases chlamydia can lead to arthritic complications while gonorrhea can lead to disseminated disease [5]. In the US, the related healthcare costs of treatable STI and their sequelae have been estimated at >$16 billion dollars per year [6].
Is follow-up ultrasound necessary after acute epididymitis? A retrospective analysis from a large university hospital
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Urology, 2018
J. Capet, J. Sønsksen, R. Bisbjerg, M. Fode
Our results show that, in the majority of cases, patients were correctly diagnosed with simple epididymitis in the acute setting or had insignificant and incidental findings such as hydrocele, spermatocele, and varicocele on follow-up US. However, one patient had neglected testicular torsion and one had testicular tuberculosis, while four patients were diagnosed with testicular cancer. Regarding the case of testicular torsion, this is mainly considered a clinical diagnosis and it should have been caught due to pain in the acute setting. In this case, the follow-up US would obviously not help salvage the testicle. Similarly, testicular tuberculosis is a rare event in northern Europe [5,6] and it can hardly be justified to let a single case in our series influence future clinical management. Even without the appointment, the patient is likely to have returned to his doctor due to persisting symptoms after the initial emergency department visit.