China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Special Procedures and Advanced Techniques in Radiotherapy
Published in Kwan Hoong Ng, Ngie Min Ung, Robin Hill, Problems and Solutions in Medical Physics, 2023
Kwan Hoong Ng, Ngie Min Ung, Robin Hill
Problem:Explain briefly the clinical purpose of total body irradiation (TBI) and how you would deliver this treatment to the patient.Describe how you would verify the dose delivered to the patient for each treatment session.
Quality Assurance of Treatment Delivery
Published in W. P. M. Mayles, A. E. Nahum, J.-C. Rosenwald, Handbook of Radiotherapy Physics, 2021
Margaret Bidmead, Nathalie Fournier-Bidoz, Ginette Marinello, J.-C. Rosenwald, Helen Mayles
Besides dose to the target, it is useful to evaluate the dose to critical structures (e.g. lens or gonads) or when computer calculations are not possible or are questionable (e.g. dose to the skin). In vivo dosimetry can also be used to monitor the irradiation for special techniques such as total body irradiation (Chapter 41) or total skin electron irradiation (Chapter 42).
Effects of treatment on bone and bone marrow
Published in Anju Sahdev, Sarah J. Vinnicombe, Husband & Reznek's Imaging in Oncology, 2020
Lia A Moulopoulos, Vassilis Koutoulidis
Osteochondroma is the only benign tumour associated with a history of radiotherapy. While the incidence of spontaneous osteochondromas is less than 1%, the incidence of osteochondromas developing within a previously irradiated field has been reported to be as high as 12% (43). An incidence of over 20% has been reported in patients who were treated with total body irradiation before the age of 5 (44,45). Osteochondromas appear at an average of 8 years after radiotherapy (43). Histologically, these tumours do not differ from those that occur spontaneously and should be treated accordingly (42).
Identification of odor biomarkers in irradiation injury urine based on headspace SPME-GC-MS
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2021
Xin Wu, Tong Zhu, Hongbing Zhang, Lu Lu, Xin He, Changxiao Liu, Sai-jun Fan
Forty-four rats were randomly divided into two groups: (i) un-irradiated control, (ii) total body irradiation (TBI). TBI group rats were placed in a fixed box without anesthesia and treated with a single dose of 12 Gy 137Cs gamma ray at the rate of 0.8 Gy/min using Gammacell®40 Exactor (Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, Chalk River, ON, Canada), while control group rats were sham-irradiated. Radiation dose was monitored by a dose rate meter equipped in Gammacell®40 Exactor. Among each group, six rats were used to record life quality, body weight and survival rate. Two days after irradiation, another six animals were euthanized to excise heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney and thymus, and count the white blood cells (WBCs) in blood with a Celltac E hemocytometer (Nihon Kohden, Saitama, Japan). The remaining 10 rats were placed in metabolic cages to collect urine for 0–48 h, which were centrifuged and stored at −80 °C until analysis.
Clodronate-liposomes aggravate irradiation-induced myelosuppression by promoting myeloid differentiation
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2021
Wen Ju, Wenyi Lu, Yurong Bao, Tiantian Sun, Seyram Yao Adzraku, Chunling Fu, Kunming Qi, Xi Zhang, Zhenyu Li, Kailin Xu, Jianlin Qiao, Lingyu Zeng
Total body irradiation (TBI) is one of the most widely used myeloablative conditioning regimens applied before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in leukemia therapy (Czyz et al. 2018; Kebriaei et al. 2018; Tseng et al. 2018), which including complete or partial myeloablation. Among them low-dose total body irradiation is more usually used because of the mild systemic reaction of patients (Fujiwara et al. 2019). The high sensitivity of bone marrow to TBI is an essential factor that causes severe injury to HSCs and bone marrow niche cells, ultimately resulting in the bone marrow and blood system failure (Huang et al. 2019). The TBI-related acute bone marrow injury and hematopoietic ablation seriously affect the quality of life of patients or even results in death (Friedman et al. 2017; Kiang et al. 2017; Paix et al. 2018). So far, there are no effective drugs to promote bone marrow injury repair and hematopoietic reconstruction after irradiation. So, understanding the mechanisms by which HSPCs respond to TBI is crucial to improve clinical management of TBI treatment-associated side effects.
Bridging the gaps: using an NHP model to predict single dose radiation absorption in humans
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2020
Edwin S. Iversen, Janice M. McCarthy, Kirsten Bell Burdett, Gary Lipton, Gary Phillips, Holly Dressman, Joel Ross, Nelson Chao
Patients undergoing total body irradiation prior to bone marrow transplant provide our only model of human whole-body exposure to high doses of ionizing radiation. Since these are cancer patients, they do not represent a cross-section of the broader population that would be exposed in the case of a radiological disaster. Hence it is natural to ask whether human TBI patients are an acceptable surrogate for the general population. To this end, we compared response-gene expression profiles from our (unexposed) healthy human (HH) samples to those from pre-irradiation bone marrow transplant patients. Among the TBI patients whose demographic information is available, ages ranged from 21 to 73 with an average age of 49 years and 30% were female; ages of the healthy human volunteers in the study ranged from 18 to 88 with a mean of 40.5 and 41% of them were female. We fit a mixed-effects model with health status (HH versus TBI) as a binary fixed effect and technical and biological (blood sample and individual) replicate modeled as random effects to assess differences in gene expression levels between the two groups at zero dose.