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The Host Response to Grafts and Transplantation Immunology
Published in Julius P. Kreier, Infection, Resistance, and Immunity, 2022
Skin transplantation is one of the least successful tissue transplant procedures. The reasons for this are unclear. The graft procedure is not technically demanding, and autografts, are usually retained. The failure of foreign skin grafts to be accepted may result from the existence of an usually potent, skin-specific immune response or a unique system of histocompatibility antigens. The need for rapid vascularization of skin and the effect of immunosuppressants on the process of vascularization may also limit skin graft survival.
Microsurgical Aspects of Rat Liver Transplantation
Published in Waldemar L. Olszewski, CRC Handbook of Microsurgery, 2019
T. S. Lie, K. Jaeger, K. J. Niehaus
In order to evaluate the immune status of recipients with indefinitely surviving liver allografts, we carried out a series of studies. In group 10, in 20 LEW rats receiving WIS liver, blood samples were taken on day 1 and in weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 10. After the operation the GOT, GPT, AP, and bilirubin concentration were measured. After 120 days the spleen was removed and with these splenocytes the GvH reaction tested. One week after splenectomy the liver recipients received WIS and DA skin grafts. This was followed by weekly measurements of the lymphocytotoxin and hemagglutinin titers in serum. Two months after skin transplantation the rats were sacrificed, their serum collected, and lymph node, spleen, and thymus cells isolated. The serum and cells were adoptively transferred to LEW recipients of WIS kidney grafts; ten kidney recipients received on the day of transplantation 2 mℓ of serum i.v., then for 4 days 0.5 mℓ of serum by the same route. Then another ten kidney recipients received i.v. during the operation 1 × 108 lymphocytes from the same donor as the serum. Skin transplantation was performed according to Billingham and Silvers. The GvH reaction was tested with the method of Elkins.55 (Fifty million splenocytes obtained from LEW rat recipients of WIS livers were injected under the kidney capsule of /WIS × LEW/F1 rats.) As controls the splenocytes of untreated LEW rats were used.
The Human Placenta in Wound Healing
Published in Ornella Parolini, Antonietta Silini, Placenta, 2016
Carmen García Insausti, José María Moraleda, Gregorio Castellanos, Francisco José Nicolás
AM has been used in clinical medicine for more than 100 years. Davis (1910) reported a comprehensive review of 550 cases of skin transplantation to various types of burns and wounds, using natural AM obtained from labor and delivery at the Johns Hopkins University. Sabella (1913) and Stern (1913) separately reported on the use of preserved AM in skin grafting for burns and ulcers. Since then, there have been several reports of the uses of AM in the treatment of wounds of different etiologies and other applications: first in the reconstructive surgery of different tissues and organs, including the mouth, tongue, nasal mucosa, larynx, eardrum, vestibule, bladder, urethra, vagina, and tendons (Brandt et al. 2000; Fishman et al. 1987; Ganatra 2003; Georgy and Aziz 1996; Morton and Dewhurst 1986; Tolhurst and van der Helm 1991; Zohar et al. 1987); second, as a peritoneum substitute in reconstruction procedures of pelvic exenteration surgery; third, in adherence prevention in the abdomen and pelvic surgery; and finally as a covering of onfaloceles and the like (Davis 1910; Ganatra 2003; Sabella 1913; Stern 1913; Trelford and Trelford-Sauder 1979).
Full-thickness dermal wound regeneration using hypoxia preconditioned blood-derived growth factors: A case series
Published in Organogenesis, 2023
Hadjipanayi Ektoras, Moog Philipp, Jiang Jun, Dornseifer Ulf, Machens Hans-Günther, Schilling Arndt F
One of the main areas of focus in regenerative medicine research is that of dermal tissue repair, especially the treatment of chronic wounds.1,2 Despite recent advances, however, there is still lack of effective therapeutic tools that can be readily applied in the clinical setting.3,4 As a result, for the treatment of large wounds most clinicians rely on the long-standing and proven invasive surgical principles of debridement, temporary wound coverage and subsequent tissue reconstruction through skin transplantation or local/free (microsurgical) tissue transfer.5–8 This approach faces, however, certain important limitations9: 1. Temporary wound coverage and wound preconditioning via negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT)/vacuum-assisted closure (V.A.C.)), for prolonged periods of time until the wound bed is healthy enough for surgical reconstruction, requires surgical intervention and prolonged hospitalization, both of which can be costly, while it also significantly limits the patient’s mobility by interfering with daily activities. 2. Skin transplantation and local or free tissue transfer procedures are accompanied by risk of graft-take failure, donor site morbidity, and are also burdened by high cost. 3. The final appearance of the grafted site may significantly differ from that of surrounding native tissue, providing inferior aesthetic outcomes, while in cases where the wound is grafted with weak tissue (e.g. split-thickness skin grafts) or left to heal by secondary intention, the resulting scar contracture may limit the range of motion.
Complications encountered in the treatment of primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism with microwave ablation – a retrospective study
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2019
Ying Wei, Li-Li Peng, Zhen-Long Zhao, Yan Li, Ming-An Yu
Among 264 patients, 84 (31.8%) developed hypocalcemia episodes 1–3 days after MWA, and 48 (18.2%) in the SHPT group were categorized as SH. No SH was observed in the PHPT group. After receiving oral calcium supplementation, intravenous calcium gluconate and high calcium dialysis fluids, all patients recovered within 3 months. Cutaneous necrosis occurred in two patients with SH after intravenous calcium supplementation. Both patients had preoperative cardiac insufficiency, and one patient suffered from dry gangrene in the fingertips of three digits on his right side. One day after MWA, the iPTH levels were significantly reduced (from 2927 pg/mL to 69 pg/mL and 1703 pg/mL to 95 pg/mL), and SH occurred after 1–2 days. No obvious leakages were found during the calcium gluconate pumping process. However, skin necrosis was observed 3 and 7 days after calcium gluconate pumping, starting from the puncture site and then gradually expanding to the entire forearm. These two patients recovered through debridement plus autologous skin transplantation (Figure 4).
On-target and direct modulation of alloreactive T cells by a nanoparticle carrying MHC alloantigen, regulatory molecules and CD47 in a murine model of alloskin transplantation
Published in Drug Delivery, 2018
Khawar Ali Shahzad, Xin Wan, Lei Zhang, Weiya Pei, Aifeng Zhang, Muhammad Younis, Wei Wang, Chuanlai Shen
Skin transplantation was performed by following the procedure described by Garrod (Garrod & Cahalan, 2008) and Wang (Wang et al., 2017) with minor modifications. Briefly, the dorsal tissue from the ear of male C57BL/6 J was prepared (0.5-0.5 cm), and hair of male bm1 mice was removed from the dorsal flank area under anesthesia. Then, the prepared tissue was grafted, and a BAND AID® styptic plaster containing benzalkonium chloride (Shanghai Johnson &Johnson, Ltd., Shanghai, China) was placed over the grafted area for 5 days. The mice with skin graft were housed independently. The styptic plaster was then removed, and the bm1 mice with successful graft operation were assigned randomly to 1 of 8 groups and injected intravenously through tail vein with 200-nm Killer NPs, NPaFas, NPKb, NPCD47, NPKb/aFas, NP/Kb/aFasPD-L1/TGFβ, Blank NPs or sterile PBS on days 9, 11 and 13 after transplantation with 1 mg of NPs/mouse/time point. Same was the procedure followed for 80-nm killer NPs and its three control groups (NPaFas/Kb/PD-L1/TGFβ, Blank NPs and PBS). The rejection signs for allograft were monitored on daily basis. Grafts were defined as rejected when less than 10% of the graft remained viable.