China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Cleft lip and palate: developmental abnormalities of the face, mouth and jaws
Published in Professor Sir Norman Williams, Professor P. Ronan O’Connell, Professor Andrew W. McCaskie, Bailey & Love's Short Practice of Surgery, 2018
Professor Sir Norman Williams, Professor P. Ronan O’Connell, Professor Andrew W. McCaskie
Orthognathic surgery is the term given to the surgical correction of deformities of the jaw. It is usually undertaken in close cooperation between orthodontic and maxillofacial surgeons. Surgery is directed at simultaneously changing the position of both maxilla and mandible at the end of the growth period. This is termed bimaxillary osteotomy. Treatment planning usually commences at the age of 12-13 years, in which the orthodontist aligns the dental arches in correct relation for each jaw. This frequently results in an accentuation of the facial deformity at the end of the orthodontic phase of treatment. Treatment normally takes 2 years, in which orthognathic surgery is performed towards the end of orthodontic treatment, although orthodontic treatment in the form of fixed appliances usually continues postoperatively for up to 6 months after surgery. Surgical planning should be meticulous and involves clinical examination and cephalometric assessment in the form of radiograph analysis, as well as study model analysis, working in close cooperation with maxillofacial technologists.
Three-dimensional morphological and biomechanical analysis of temporomandibular joint in mandibular and bi-maxillary osteotomies
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2022
Bingmei Shao, Annan Li, Jingheng Shu, Hedi Ma, Shiming Dong, Zhan Liu
Orthognathic surgery is a typical approach to treat maxillofacial deformities for aesthetic or functional purposes (Kim 2017). According to the type of maxillofacial deformity, the main operations include sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO), Le Fort I osteotomy, mandible osteotomy, downfixture, and the Wassmund correction. SSRO is a conventional surgery for correcting mandibular excess, retrognathia, or asymmetry. Le Fort I osteotomy, typically used in conjunction with SSRO, is a present technique used for correcting maxillary deformities (Tabrizi and Sadeghi2016). Orthognathic surgery can correct maxillofacial deformities and change neuromuscular environments (Kim et al. 2011); however, it results in positional changes in the condyles (Ueki et al. 2012; Goncalves et al. 2013; Méndez-Manjón et al. 2016; Costas et al. 2018). Alterations in the condylar position can cause a recurrence of the risk and complications, such as temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), with a 14% probability of postoperative complications (Kim 2017; Costas et al. 2018). TMD imposes high degrees of physiological and psychological effects on the patients, such as temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain, clicking sounds, disc displacement, and condylar resorption (Ellis 1994; Baek, Kim, and Kim 2006; Angle, Rebellato, and Sheats 2007; Ueki et al. 2008; Kang et al. 2010; Yang and Hwang 2014; Han and Hwang 2015).
Stress distribution is susceptible to the angle of the osteotomy in the high oblique sagittal osteotomy (HOSO): biomechanical evaluation using finite element analyses
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2021
Herrera-Vizcaíno Carlos, Baselga Lahoz Marta, Pelliccioni Monrroy Orlando, Udeabor E Samuel, Robert Sader, Lukas Benedikt Seifert
Orthognathic surgery involves the surgical reconstruction of the cranial and maxillary bone structures with the aim of restoring the patient's anatomical and functional relationship (Monson 2013). One of the most common conditions subject to interventions is skeletal malocclusion (SM) (Dias and Gleiser 2008). Since the first surgery performed by Hullihen (1810–1857) in 1849, numerous variants of the technique have been described (Radi Londoño 1994; Almandoz 2011). Although there is no universal technique, it is worth noting the bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO), since it represents the most widely used procedure in orthognathic surgery (Böckmann et al. 2014). However, the BSSO reports disadvantages; among these, the sensorineural alteration of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) stands out, the incidence of which has been widely studied in the literature (Becelli et al. 2002; Agbaje et al. 2015) and it is reported in 11.7%−24% of cases (Seeberger et al. 2013). As an alternative technique to BSSO, with the intention of preserving alveolar nerve integrity, some authors (Landes et al. 2014; Herrera-Vizcaíno et al. 2016) have opted to intervene using High oblique sagittal osteotomy (HOSO), reducing the alveolar impact in up to 0.5% of cases (Seeberger et al. 2013).