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Breast Cancer: Surgical Perspectives
Published in Raymond Taillefer, Iraj Khalkhali, Alan D. Waxman, Hans J. Biersack, Radionuclide Imaging of the Breast, 2021
Patricia J. Eubanks, Hernan I. Vargas, Stanley R. Klein
In spite of legislation requiring physicians to disclose the options of BCT, only 30% to 35% of patients undergo breast conserving treatment [38]. While stage I and II breast cancer is amenable to BCT, breast-conserving surgery has been extended to patients with larger tumors. In a study of 68 patients with tumors 4 cm or larger undergoing lumpectomy and AND, the 5-year recurrence was reported as 8.5% and the overall survival as 76% [39]. Thus, in select patients whose breast size will accommodate lumpectomy with adequate margins, acceptable survival and recurrence rates can be obtained with BCT.
Oncology
Published in Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss, Understanding Medical Terms, 2020
Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss
Surgical treatment options for excision of breast cancer include mastectomy (radical, extensive radical, modified radical, simple [total], or subcutaneous), and lumpectomy (tylectomy). Oophorectomy (removal of the ovaries) is another surgical procedure sometimes used to reduce the level of endogenous ovarian hormones and temporarily regress hormone-dependent tumors. Adrenalectomy and hypophysectomy (excision of the adrenal and pituitary glands, respectively) are also utilized to decrease hormone secretions. Radiation therapy has been used for all types of breast cancer as primary, adjuvant, and palliative treatment. A number of chemotherapeutic agents are used successfully in treatment, particularly in multidrug regimens. Hormonal manipulation has also been a significant addition to treatment options. Use is determined by the presence of estrogen receptor protein (ERP) in the tumor tissue.
Decision-making and communication
Published in Peter Hoskin, Peter Ostler, Clinical Oncology, 2020
One of the most common adjuvant treatments given today is post-operative radiotherapy following the excision of a malignant tumour for example irradiation of the breast following local excision of an early carcinoma. Such adjuvant treatment may add significantly to patient morbidity and it is important therefore to consider the relative merits of treatment in these situations. For example, the risk of local relapse in the breast following simple excision with no radiotherapy is around 30%–50% depending on the tumour size. On this basis, if all patients are treated following lumpectomy, half may never have required treatment; the difficulty lies in predicting accurately who will relapse. A further consideration is the fact that local relapse following lumpectomy may be treated successfully in many women and would still occur in up to 5% even with radiotherapy. A small survival advantage with post-operative radiotherapy has also been shown. The decision to offer a woman breast radiotherapy following excision of a malignant breast lump therefore has to balance the potential benefits with the likely side effects for each individual patient. The substantial reduction in local relapse in the breast from 20% to 5% will be seen in most cases enough to justify a relatively simple, low morbidity treatment.
Overexpression of TIGAR and HO-1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of breast cancer patients treated with radiotherapy
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2022
Aria Dianati-Nasab, Hamid Nasrollahi, Zahra Khoshdel, Mahboobeh Ghorbani, Sayed Mohammad Shafiee
Today, the various types of successful treatments have been introduced in order to reduce mortality among breast cancer patients (Visvanathan et al. 2019; Waks and Winer 2019). A meta-analysis study of 10,800 patients showed that RT after lumpectomy reduced breast cancer recurrences by approximately half (from 35.0% to19.3%) and in mortality rate by one-sixth (from 25.2% to 21.4%) at 10 and 15 years, respectively (O’Halloran et al. 2019). Although RT with a standard dose (50 Gy over 25 fractions) had been historically proven to be effective (Whelan et al. 2010; Haviland et al. 2013) such findings confirm the importance of RT treatment for breast cancer patients (Waza et al. 2018). However, long-term RT treatment can lead to thoughtful side effects and complications among patients (Perez et al. 2017).
Clinical Hypnosis For Pain Reduction In Breast Cancer Mastectomy: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Published in International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 2022
Diana Moreno Hernández, Arnoldo Téllez, Teresa Sánchez-Jáuregui, Cirilo H. García, Manuel García-Solís, Arturo Valdez
According to the Global Cancer Observatory, breast cancer is the most frequently occurring cancer in women; in 2018, there were 2,088,849 new cases of breast cancer worldwide. In Mexico, there were 27,283 new cases and 6,884 deaths linked to breast cancer (Ferlay et al., 2019). Mastectomy and lumpectomy are the two main local surgical treatments for breast cancer patients that can be performed at the early stage (Gradishar et al., 2016; Zhang et al., 2018). Pain and numbness are common complaints after breast cancer surgery. About 25% of patients report chronic pain up to 9 months after the surgery (Bruce et al., 2014), although other studies have reported that some patients experience pain until 5 years after surgery (Sheridan et al., 2012). Furthermore, it has been found that patients who report high levels of presurgical pain tend to have persistent pain after breast surgery (Miaskowski et al., 2014; Perkins & Kehlet, 2000). Due to this, it could be helpful to implement effective psychological techniques to reduce presurgical pain.
Examination of clinical and laboratory measures of static and dynamic balance in breast cancer survivors
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2021
Elizabeth S. Evans, Caroline J. Ketcham, Julie C. Hibberd, Miranda E. Cullen, Julia G. Basiliere, Dorriea L. Murphy
Details regarding diagnosis and treatment characteristics for the participants in the breast cancer survivor group are presented in Table 3. Fifteen of these 20 participants reported receiving a taxane chemotherapy agent (specifically docetaxel or paclitaxel), and all but one participant received multiple chemotherapy agents. One participant received both a lumpectomy and a mastectomy. Twelve of the 20 breast cancer survivor participants reported using some form of endocrine therapy for anywhere from 3 months to 4 years prior to enrollment. Additionally, 4 of the 20 breast cancer survivor participants reported using trastuzumab for anywhere from 1 to 8 months prior to enrollment. No other medications related to breast cancer treatment were reported by any participant.