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Optimizing Function and Physical Health in Frail Adults
Published in Gia Merlo, Kathy Berra, Lifestyle Nursing, 2023
Aerobic activity, which is physical activity that involves the use of oxygen to meet energy demands, is performed by repeating activities for extended periods of time. Aerobic activities include walking, jogging, swimming, or bike riding. The intensity of the aerobic activity can vary from: (1) low-intensity, which is when the individual works at 40 to 50% of his or her maximum heart rate (most simply calculated as 220—age); (2) moderate intensity, which is working at 50 to 70% of the maximum heart rate; to (3) vigorous exercise, which is working at 70 to 85% of maximum heart rate. Aerobic activity can result in improvements in muscle mass and thereby decrease frailty (Sugawara et al., 2002). Aerobic activity also promotes optimal cardiovascular status by maintaining lung function and cardiac output.
Food Interactions, Sirtuins, Genes, Homeostasis, and General Discussion
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Physical activity is another important factor in health maintenance and disease prevention. Depending on age, moving the body regularly in different ways – from simple movement like walking, aerobics, dance, Tai Chi, and yoga, to intensive sports and athletics – is a necessary practice for everybody. Indeed, major systems, including the skeletal, muscular, metabolic, circulatory, digestive and endocrine systems, need body movement to develop and function properly. Therefore, physical activity can fight obesity, overweight, and insomnia, and may prevent many chronic diseases. Physical activity is also necessary for mental activity, and can fight stress. Collective sports like tennis and football are better for mental health than individual sports like solo jogging. Take note that excess of physical activity is harmful to the body and can cause death.
Diabetes, Overweight, and Obesity
Published in Michelle Tollefson, Nancy Eriksen, Neha Pathak, Improving Women's Health Across the Lifespan, 2021
Apart from weight loss, physical activity offers other benefits such as improved blood glucose control,88,91 improved action of insulin,110,111 reduced risk of T2DM, a more favorable lipid panel,112 improved cardiorespiratory fitness,113,114 and reduced cardiovascular death.115 Aerobic exercise can protect against loss of lean muscle mass and decreased exercise capacity during weight loss.116 Strength training improves the function of insulin,117 increases blood flow to muscle,118 improves muscular strength, and increases the lean muscle mass.119 Long-term results of lifestyle interventions on type 2 diabetes are shown in Table 24.2.
Changes in medial-to-lateral knee joint loading patterns assessed by Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry following supervised neuromuscular exercise therapy and patient education in patients with knee osteoarthritis: an exploratory cohort study
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2023
Julie Rønne Pedersen, Søren T. Skou, Ewa M. Roos, Najia Shakoor, Jonas Bloch Thorlund
Exercise is recommended as first-line treatment for managing symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA) (Andersson, Ejlertsson, Leden, and Scherstén, 1999; McAlindon et al., 2014). Aerobic, strengthening, and neuromuscular approaches are all effective in reducing pain and improving physical function (Fransen et al., 2015). However, the mechanisms underlying reductions in pain following exercise therapy in patients with knee OA are poorly understood, and it is not clear whether exercise therapy provides pain relief through peripheral or central mechanisms, or a combination of both (Susko and Fitzgerald, 2013). Several mechanisms for the pain-relieving properties of exercise have been proposed including periarticular, neuromuscular, general fitness and health, and psychosocial components (Beckwée et al., 2013). Another potential mechanism for the effect of exercise therapy is decreased mechanical knee joint loading due to altered biomechanics (Runhaar, Luijsterburg, Dekker, and Bierma-Zeinstra, 2015). Knee joint loading is typically assessed by 3D motion analysis as the external knee adduction moment (KAM), with a higher peak KAM being indicative of higher medial compartment loading (D’Lima et al., 2012). This method is, however, expensive and time consuming and often not feasible in larger patient populations.
Influence of parity on six-minute walk test in Indian females
Published in Health Care for Women International, 2023
Parity significantly influenced the 6MWD in participants, which is in agreement with reports available by researchers from the North African population (Ben Saad et al., 2009). As the number of gestations increases, hormonal changes can lead to aerobic incapacities and oxidative stress (Bai et al., 2002; Bessinger et al., 2002). Repeated gestations potentially deleterious health effects (Ben Saad et al., 2009; Gupta & Kapoor, 2012). Hormonal changes during pregnancy could produce aerobic system incapacity (Bessinger et al., 2002). As the 6MWT solicits the aerobic system, repeated gestations may accentuate or prolong this incapacity. With multiple parities, the rise in thoracic gas volume, residual volume, and total lung capacity, and therefore the tendency toward lung hyperinflation, can be taken as an aging index of the ventilatory mechanics, or as an indirect sign of expiratory muscle weakness (Ketfi et al., 2019). Biochemical modifications were also suggested since increased oxidative stress has been found during pregnancy (Bessinger et al., 2002). With repeated gestations, the repeated oxidative stress negatively affects muscle function, explaining in part the 6-MWD declines with high parity (Bai et al., 2002).
A pilot study on the relationship between Lactobacillus, Bifidibactrium counts and inflammatory factors following exercise training
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2023
Molanouri Shamsi Mahdieh, Jalali Maryam, Bakhshi Bita, Fazel Neda, Mokhtarzade Motahare, Bahroudi Mahboobeh, Quinn LeBris S, Sadeghi Kalani Behrooz
The eligible volunteers [n = 18] were randomly allocated into exercise [n = 9] or control [n = 9] groups. Randomisation was concealed and conducted via the envelope method. After randomisation, baseline outcomes were collected from both exercise and control group. Four days before starting intervention, stools were collected based on standard protocol from participants. Three days before starting the intervention, 10 ml blood samples, after overnight fasting, were collected after 10-min inactive rest in a seated position. Also, 72-h recall was applied for dietary assessment in two groups. The aerobic fitness test was carried out two days before starting the intervention. Then, the exercise group performed 10 weeks of endurance exercise training in an exercise physiology lab. The control group was designated a waitlist group and did not participate in any exercise program during study; control participants received the exercise program after completion the study protocol. Post-test data were collected in three separate days so that stools and blood samples were collected 3 and 4 days after completion of the intervention, respectively. Additionally, the aerobic fitness test was performed 5 days after completion of the study protocol. All blood biomarkers and stools analyses were blinded; nonetheless, based on nature of the current trial, neither therapy administrations nor participants were blinded to group allocation. Although the two groups did not have the same diet, they were advised not to use some sources of probiotics in the foods during the study.