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The Integrative Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) Prevention Program
Published in Mark C Houston, The Truth About Heart Disease, 2023
Aerobic means “with oxygen” and refers to the use of oxygen in the body's metabolic processes. Aerobic training consists of continuous movements that demand more oxygen consumption and ultimately improve the body's oxygen use. Rapid walking, jogging, running, swimming, bicycling, dancing, and aerobics classes can all be aerobic exercises if they keep the body in moderate to intense motion for a moderately long period of time, with an elevated heart rate representing the body's heightened level of activity.
Nutrition and Metabolic Factors
Published in Michael H. Stone, Timothy J. Suchomel, W. Guy Hornsby, John P. Wagle, Aaron J. Cunanan, Strength and Conditioning in Sports, 2023
Michael H. Stone, Timothy J. Suchomel, W. Guy Hornsby, John P. Wagle, Aaron J. Cunanan
While training (both aerobic and anaerobic) increases the need for dietary protein intake (130, 133, 176), the primary use of the additional protein may vary depending on the type of exercise and training regimen. For example, aerobic training results primarily in an increased oxidation of amino acids (protein) for energy while anaerobic training, particularly weight training, primarily results in an increase in amino acid use in tissue repair and hypertrophy (131, 149, 214, 216). Research based on both nitrogen balance and isotope dilution have shown that aerobic (78, 87, 88) and anaerobic training (134, 149, 217), including weightlifting (42, 127), can result in an increased requirement for protein. Thus, a negative nitrogen balance, depending upon its degree and duration, could result in LMB losses that may include hormones, structural and enzymatic proteins, antibodies, and other necessary proteins. Furthermore, these maladaptive effects could result in an increased potential for injury, disease, reduced performance capabilities, non-functional overreaching, and overtraining (149, 204).
Clinical Rehabilitation of COVID-19
Published in Wenguang Xia, Xiaolin Huang, Rehabilitation from COVID-19, 2021
Aerobic training: This adopts the FITT (frequency, intensity, time, type) principle.For details, refer to the relevant chapter on rehabilitation treatment technology.
Effects of therapeutic exercise on disease severity, balance, and functional Independence among individuals with cerebellar ataxia: A systematic review with meta-analysis
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2023
Stanley Winser, Ho Kwan Chan, Wing Ki Chen, Chung Yau Hau, Siu Hang Leung, Yee Hang Leung, Umar Muhammad Bello
The pooled analysis on the effects of therapeutic exercises on the disease severity included the outcomes reported by four studies (Barbuto et al., 2020; Ilg et al., 2009; Miyai et al., 2012; Rodríguez-Díaz et al., 2018) among 116 participants with one of the non-hereditary degenerative cerebellar ataxia assessed using the SARA. The types of exercises included aerobic training using a bicycle (Barbuto et al., 2020), range of motion and strengthening exercises for the extremities (Rodríguez-Díaz et al., 2018) and coordination exercises for the extremities and balance exercises (Ilg et al., 2009). The effects of exercise were found to be significant (WMD: −3.3; 95% CI: −3.8 to −2.8; p < .001) (Figure 2), and the quality of evidence for this comparison was low according to GRADE. The pooled analysis on the effects of therapeutic exercise among 42 participants with acquired cerebellar ataxia assessed using the ICARS showed no significant effect when the exercise intervention was compared with therapeutic exercises plus either lumbar stabilization or task-oriented training (WMD: −2.783; 95% CI: −7.1 to 1.5; p = .20) (Figure 3). The GRADE quality of evidence was moderate for this comparison. The level of heterogeneity was low and not important (I2 = 0.00, p > .05).
Effectiveness of aerobic exercise training program on cardio-respiratory fitness and quality of life in patients recovered from COVID-19
Published in European Journal of Physiotherapy, 2022
Ishtiaq Ahmed, Awais Bin Inam, Stefano Belli, Junaid Ahmad, Wajid Khalil, M. Muneeb Jafar
For Cardiorespiratory training, all the participants were asked to perform the aerobic exercise (such as upper or lower limb ergometry, elliptical or treadmill) for three days a week under the supervision of a physiotherapist. The training session was continued for 5 weeks. Total of 15 aerobic training session was given to participants. The intensity of aerobic exercise was defined by; 1) 50–70% of Heart rate maximum according to the age of individuals; 2) rate of perceived exertion between 4 and 6. The duration of aerobic training on the first day of the session was 20 min (5-min warm-up, 10-min training, and 5 min of cool-down session). The duration of aerobic exercise was increased daily according to A.C.S.M. guidelines by increasing the work rate and carefully monitoring the heart rate and rate of perceived exertion to achieve the 60-min session on the final day intervention.
Effects of exercise modality and intensity on the CD4 count in people with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in AIDS Care, 2022
Bruno Ferrari Silva, Gustavo Henrique de Oliveira, Caroline Ferraz Simões, João R. Nickenig Vissoci, Sidney Barnabé Peres, Solange M. Franzoi de Moraes
Furthermore, we investigated the moderating impact of modality and intensity of training by the meta-regression model in our meta-analysis (see in Tables 4 and 5), inferred by high levels of heterogeneity (Baker et al., 2009). Thus, the analysis evaluated the significant predictive effect of aerobic training (Zscore = 2.23, P < 0.05) compared with resistance (Zscore = 0.82, P = 0.411) and combined training (Zscore = 1.17, P = 0.244), denoting that the respective training modalities may positively modulate the immunological status of PLWH. The second factor analysed in the model was that, independently, the modality of training, i.e., high-intensity (or vigorous intensity) exercise was predictive of improving the immunological status of patients (Zscore = 2.00, P < 0.05). However, moderate-intensity training did not show the largest difference qualitatively compared to high-intensity training in the model (Zscore = 1.81, P = 0.06). This may be directly linked to the pathological statuses of the patients (virology), and the intensity and rest ratio utilised in different modalities may indirectly modify the initial proposal (Neto et al., 2015; O’Brien et al., 2017; Schlabe et al., 2017). However, the high intensity of exercise may have a superior effect when utilised in chronic training programmes as well as in the aerobic training designed for PLWH.