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Psychiatric Disorders
Published in Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss, Understanding Medical Terms, 2020
Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss
Additional disorders falling into the realm of this area include eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia (which are discussed in the chapter on nutrition); sleep disorders such as Kleine-Levin syndrome (recurrent periods of prolonged sleep), hypersomnia (excessive sleeping), narcolepsy, and somniloquy (sleepwalking); and compulsive behaviors such as kleptomania (stealing) or pyromania (setting fires).
Sleep, sedation and coma
Published in Ad (Sandy) Macleod, Ian Maddocks, The Psychiatry of Palliative Medicine, 2018
Ad (Sandy) Macleod, Ian Maddocks
Parasomnias are not uncommon in palliative care, particularly in those with early CNS disease involvement. Medications increasing stage 3–4 of sleep, such as antipsychotics, can increase the frequency of parasomnia in susceptible persons. Sleep paralysis may occur when falling off to sleep and awakening. There is a dissonance between the level of alertness and muscle atonia. It may be associated with hypnagogic (at sleep onset) and hypnopompic hallucinations (on awaking). Sleep paralysis, if not previously experienced can be terrifying. Sleep walking (somnambulism) can rarely cause accidental injury. Sleeptalking (somniloquy) occurs in stage 1, and despite the fears of the patient, it is generally difficult to comprehend and very seldom, or never, are important aspects of emotional life revealed. Night terrors (pavor incubus) tend to occur early into the night during stage 4 non-REM sleep, and result in waking frightened and aroused with some recall of the content of the dreaming. Benzodiazepines block stages 3–4, are very effective treatments for night terrors, and do not therapeutically fade. Reactivation of PTSD symptoms, particularly night terrors, may occur during severe and life-threatening illness. Hypnic jerks or startled movements falling asleep are common and harmless.
Sleep Problems In Children
Published in Michael B O’Neill, Michelle Mary Mcevoy, Alf J Nicholson, Terence Stephenson, Stephanie Ryan, Diagnosing and Treating Common Problems in Paediatrics, 2017
Michael B O’Neill, Michelle Mary Mcevoy, Alf J Nicholson, Terence Stephenson, Stephanie Ryan
Sleepwalking (somnambulism), like night terrors, typically occurs in the first third of the night when the child goes from non-REM to REM sleep. Sleepwalking is often a familial trait and it is most prevalent between the ages of 10 and 12. At least one episode of sleepwalking or sleep-talking (somniloquy) has been reported in up to 30% of children. The child may wander aimlessly and talk incoherently. A typical episode lasts 5–15 minutes. The main component of treatment is to ensure a safe environment for the child.
Consistency of chronotype measurements is affected by sleep quality, gender, longitude, and latitude
Published in Chronobiology International, 2023
Haien Wang, Shuo Wang, Wenqing Yu, Xu Lei
The present study has several limitations that need to be considered in interpreting the results. First, the participants were university students (age: 18–23) and did not consider the possible impact of clinical samples, which limited the generalizable of our results. Other factors, such as insomnia and sleep disorders (somniloquy, snore, and restless leg syndrome), may still need to be considered in clinical or non-adult groups. Second, improving the questionnaires’ assessment by controlling for extraneous variables needs to remain a concern in subsequent research, for example, behavioral activities and the external environment that may influence the circadian phase (Hofstra and Weerd 2008). Third, there were differences in the time span for both questionnaires and actigraphy measurements. Compared to the questionnaire, actigraphy measures chronotype over several days, and the consequences affected by the social time schedule may be more obvious. Fourthly, although actigraphy is a reliable measurement tool, there are still some shortcomings, such as some algorithms that may still need to be improved. Further studies complementing indicators of PSG and biomarkers may be beneficial for the exploration of chronotype measurement consistency. Finally, different computational methods or questionnaire structures used to calculate chronotype may lead to challenges in the consistency of the chronotype measurements, such as scores and sleep midpoints, the difference between work day and free day. It should be further investigated in future research.
Association of possible sleep bruxism in children with different chronotype profiles and sleep characteristics
Published in Chronobiology International, 2018
Mariana Batista Ribeiro, Daniele Manfredini, Cláudia Tavares-Silva, Leandro Costa, Ronir Raggio Luiz, Saul Paiva, Júnia Maria Serra-Negra, Andréa Fonseca-Gonçalves, Lucianne Cople Maia
Similar to adults, the etiology of SB in children is multifactorial, involving central elements and associations with some sleep disorders (Serra-Negra et al. 2016). The literature reports an association with habitual snoring, somniloquy (talking while sleeping), nightmares (Serra-Negra et al. 2016), breathing disorders (Fonseca et al. 2011), and environmental stimuli (Serra-Negra et al. 2014). These factors may lead to sleep fragmentation and night awakening (Balasubramaniam et al. 2014; Di Francesco et al. 2004) and can change a child’s internal biological clock, thus affecting sleep duration and quality (Serra-Negra et al. 2014).