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Botulinum toxin practical skills
Published in Michael Parker, Charlie James, Fundamentals for Cosmetic Practice, 2022
Key parts are parts of your equipment which must remain sterile and avoid microbial contamination, such as your needle, the connecting portion of needle and syringe and the contents of your vials of botulinum toxin and saline for reconstitution. The key site in question with cosmesis is the area of skin treated, and the creation of an aseptic field here will further decrease the odds of bacterial contamination. An aseptic field can be created by disinfecting an area and covering the surrounding skin with a sterile covering, only allowing the area to be treated to be exposed. It is best practice to avoid touching this area unless absolutely critical, and in the realms of cosmesis, you will likely need to place your fingers in close proximity to the key area to anchor the skin or introduce treatments. It is advisable, therefore, that you use sterile gloves when touching or manipulating a key area. The mouth is a difficult place to maintain asepsis, as despite your best efforts, the mouth is home to millions of bacteria, and it is almost impossible to prevent any of these from migrating to the treatment area, such as when performing lip augmentation. It is crucial, however, that you do your utmost to maintain sterility regardless.
Spray Drying and Pharmaceutical Applications
Published in Dilip M. Parikh, Handbook of Pharmaceutical Granulation Technology, 2021
Metin Çelik, Pavan Muttil, Gülşilan Binzet, Susan C. Wendell
Parenteral formulations are increasingly capturing a bigger share of the pharmaceutical market, driven by the booming biologics sector. The production of these injectables is, nonetheless, complicated and requires specialized equipment and facilities. The biggest challenge in aseptic processing is to maintain sterility especially if the manufacturing process involves novel or complex steps [139]. FDA, the European Medicines Agency (EMA), and the World Health Organization have laid out well-defined regulatory requirements for parenteral drug products.
Breast Imaging with Positron Emission Tomography
Published in Raymond Taillefer, Iraj Khalkhali, Alan D. Waxman, Hans J. Biersack, Radionuclide Imaging of the Breast, 2021
Hans Bender, Holger Palmedo, Hans J. Biersack, Axel Schomburg
Total volume and radioactive concentration. Radionuclide purity: gamma ray spectroscopy using a sodium iodide detector and a multichannel analyzer.Radiochemical purity: high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) against an FDG standard using refractive index and gamma ray detectors. Chemical purity: thin-layer chromatography against a Kryptofix 222 standard.Radionuclide identity: decay counting of the final product over a 10-min period in a dose calibrator to verify the radionuclide half-life.pH: narrow range pH strip and compared to pH=6 and pH=7 buffers.Sterility: incubation of final product in culture media; the medium is inspected for bacterial growth during a 14-day incubation at 30 to 35°C and 20 to 25°C. Due to the short half-life, sterility is obtained by sterile filtration (0.22-μm filter). Control samples can be stored at -20/70°C, which allows sterility testing in doubtful cases, any time later. Bacterial endotoxins: limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) against standard endotoxin.
Comparison of operating room nurses’ satisfaction and preferences in using personal protective equipment for eye protection in the COVID-19 pandemic
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2023
Emine Arici Parlak, Hatice Ayhan, Emine Iyigun
Unlike healthcare professionals in other units, operating room nurses have to work for long hours in sterile conditions without touching eye protection equipment [7]. These conditions pose additional problems for PPE use. In this study, the fear of dropping the eye protection PPE on the surgical site, the need for adjustment and the feeling of restricted mobility were experienced in the use of face shields at the highest rate. Surgery requires rapid movement and quick thinking; as such, decreased mobility can endanger patient safety [26]. In addition, a disruption of sterility can interrupt workflow and cause undesirable surgical complications (such as surgical site infections). Besides, the use of face shields may increase the communication problems caused by masks in operating rooms. For this reason, it is thought that the use of face shields in operations is not appropriate.
Incidence and outcomes of endophthalmitis with in-house compounded intravitreal bevacizumab injections: A multicentric study
Published in Seminars in Ophthalmology, 2021
Sagnik Sen, Chitaranjan Mishra, Naresh Babu Kannan, Kim Ramasamy, Gunasekaran Rameshkumar, Prajna Lalitha
Bevacizumab was dispensed in an aseptic manner in the compounding center under a laminar hood. Tuberculin syringes (1 mL) would be used to draw 0.12 mL of drug from a 4 mL vial (25– 27 syringes). The test compliance was according to the United States Pharmacopeia Chapter 797, also called “USP 797”.11 Filled syringes were steam sterilised in a flexible pouch (Amcor plc, Bristol, UK), sealed and stored at 2–8°C until use for 90 days. Aseptic dispensing was monitored by culturing samples from the surface of laminar hood, dispensing surface and personnel finger dab, and this microbiological sterility testing was performed for each batch of drug dispensed. Each batch of packaged syringes was released only after completion of sterility testing (a period of 15 days). The syringes would then be transferred to the different network hospitals in an icebox with cold chain maintenance. After receiving the injections at the network hospital, they were kept at 2–8° C until use till a maximum of 90 days from the initial compounding date.
Retinal photoreceptors targeting SA-g-AA coated multilamellar liposomes carrier system for cytotoxicity and cellular uptake evaluation
Published in Journal of Liposome Research, 2021
E.R. Anishiya chella daisy, Naresh Kumar Rajendran, Murugaraj Jeyaraj, Andy Ramu, Mariappan Rajan
Multilamellar vesicles (MLV) prepared using the lipid film hydration technique with slight modification, as described earlier (Jain and Shastri 2011). Briefly, Soya lecithin and CH mixed in molar ratios of (7:4) were dissolved in chloroform/methanol mixture (2:1, v/v) in a round bottom flask. Then, 2 mg stearylamine and 10 mg CUR dissolved in 5 ml ethanol solution added to the reaction mixture. The organic solvents slowly removed using a rotary evaporator (BuchiVaccum controller V-850 Rotavapour-210, Mumbai, India) at 40 °C, such that a thin film of dry lipid formed on the inner surface of the flask. The dry lipid film slowly hydrated with 10 ml of PBS (pH 7.4) and 10 mg of RhB dye in 5 ml ethanol solution added. The liposomal suspension mechanically was shaken for 1 h using a mechanical shaker at 1500 rpm at room temperature (27 °C). The liposomal suspension was left to mature overnight at 4 °C to ensure full lipid hydration. For sterility, all of the steps mentioned above done under aseptic conditions. Free dyes were separated from MLV-CUR&RhB reaction solution by centrifugation (14 000 g for 1 h at 4 °C) using a refrigerated centrifuge (Remi, R-4C DX, Sigma, Mumbai, India). Finally, the MLV-CUR&RhB reaction mixture was lyophilised in a lyophilizer (Sub Zero Lyophilizer, Chennai, India) for 24 h at −40 °C.