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Equine Semen Preservation: Current and Future Trends
Published in Juan Carlos Gardón, Katy Satué, Biotechnologies Applied to Animal Reproduction, 2020
Lydia Gil Huerta, Cristina Álvarez, Victoria Luño Lázaro
The semen quality is assessed immediately after collection. Andrological evaluation verifies the reproductive potential of a stallion in the buying and selling process, before the beginning of the reproductive season and before semen preservation or AI. The general parameters used for the analysis of semen quality include total volume, sperm concentration, motility, and normal morphology. Other tests, such as acrosome and membrane integrity, hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOST), mitochondrial activity, or the thermal resistance test can be used for assessment of semen quality (Love et al., 2018). However, some animals with apparently normal semen quality show very poor fertility rates; in these cases, a more exhaustive evaluation is necessary.
The Effects of Pharmaceuticals, Environmental, and Occupational Agents on Sperm Motility
Published in Claude Gagnon, Controls of Sperm Motility, 2020
Clomiphene(l-[p-beta-diethylaminoethoxy)phenyl]-1,2-diphenylchloroethylene)is a nonsteroidal antiestrogen with the capacity to promote gonadotrophin release from the pituitary gland of late pubertal or adult normal males and females. Clomiphene binds competitively to steroid receptors in the hypothalamus, thus inhibiting the negative feedback exerted by circulating steroids. This results in an increase of LHRH and consequently of LH and FSH.81 The usefulness of clomiphene in the management of the infertile male was controversial. Published reports have varied not only in terms of findings, but also with regard to dosages, duration of treatment, and schedules of treatment. Several groups of investigators have reported an improvement in semen quality, mainly sperm count and motility.82-84 Other studies, however, have failed to demonstrate a beneficial effect of clomiphene therapy.85,86 Inconsistent results have been reported by others.87,88 However, the best response to clomiphene therapy has been observed among oligozoospermic men who were selected according to their FSH levels, i. e., who had levels below normal range, but not hypogonadotrophic. In these cases, an improvement in semen parameters was observed, resulting in pregnancies.89,90
Perception, Planning, and Scoping, Problem Formulation, and Hazard Identification
Published in Ted W. Simon, Environmental Risk Assessment, 2019
Considerable variation in semen quality parameters exists in humans. This variation is due to both between- and within-person variability. The 2010 World Health Organization (WHO) Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen, 5th edition, flatly states that it is impossible to characterize semen quality from evaluation of a single sample.212 Length of abstinence is a major determinant of this variation.213 A commonly measured semen quality parameter is sperm concentration, the number of spermatozoa, usually in millions, in a milliliter of semen. Sperm concentration is related to time to pregnancy and is a predictor of conception.214 Sperm concentration is measured by counting individual sperm using a haemocytometer grid.215
Exploring the internal exposome of seminal plasma with semen quality and live birth: A Pilot Study
Published in Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine, 2023
Emily Houle, YuanYuan Li, Madison Schroder, Susan L McRitchie, Tayyab Rahil, Cynthia K Sites, Susan Jenkins Sumner, J. Richard Pilsner
For male semen quality analysis, the 10 samples were evaluated using three semen parameters (concentration, total motility, and percent normal morphology). Using the WHO reference cutoffs (Cooper et al. 2010), individuals were identified as having normal semen quality or low semen quality (normal semen quality/NSQ n = 5, low semen quality/LSQ n = 5). To be considered NSQ, an individual had to have all mentioned semen parameters above WHO cutoffs. LSQ individuals had to have 2 or more parameters below WHO cutoffs. The 10 semen specimens used in this analysis were from individuals who either had or did not have a live birth. Live birth information was provided by Baystate Medical to denote whether participants had a successful live birth (LB; n = 4) or no live birth (NLB, n = 6) after the ART cycle.
The effect of paternal age on intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcome in unexplained infertility
Published in Arab Journal of Urology, 2021
Haitham Elbardisi, Mohamed Arafa, Neha Singh, Bridget Betts, Ashok Agrawal, Ralf Henkel, Alia A. Al-Hadi, Hasan Burjaq, Alia Alattar, Kareim Khalafalla, Ahmad Majzoub
While analysing semen characteristics between the two groups investigated, we found that sperm morphology was the only parameter differing significantly (Group A 12.0% vs Group B 15.0%, P= 0.041). The finding resonated with various previous studies in which morphology declines with increasing paternal age [17,22,23]. However, in all these studies sperm motility and volume decreased with advancing paternal age. According to Stone et al. [17] there is an age-based decline in semen parameters with sperm count decreasing after 35 years, concentration by 40 years, motility by 43 years, and lastly volume after 45 years of age. Similarly, Levitas et al. [19] reported all semen parameters to decline with age so that men in the age group of 30–35 years have maximum sperm quality. Sloter et al. [24] quantified the decline of sperm motion kinetics with advancing age. Therefore, while numerous studies reported decreasing semen quality with age, we did not find any correlations except for morphology. This may be due to the fact that our present study included males with normal semen analysis while most of the previous studies were conducted on sub-fertile or infertile men, known to have abnormal semen quality [25]. Also, in many of these studies, the men were advised to have a longer duration of abstinence compared to the 3–5 days in our present study that might have affected their results.
Prevention of HIV transmission with sperm washing within fertile serodiscordant couples undergoing non-stimulated intrauterine insemination
Published in AIDS Care, 2021
Waldemar de Almeida Pereira de Carvalho, Edir Catafesta, Itatiana Ferreira Rodart, Silvio Takata, Denise Lotufo Estevam, Caio Parente Barbosa
In the first analysis, the general characteristics of the couples and seminal quality, and IUI cycles outcomes were presented. In the second analysis, the seroconversion testing results were reported. In the third analysis, multivariate general linear models (GLM) analyses were used to study the association between: semen quality and (i) the use of ARV therapy, and (ii) duration of HIV infection (adjusted for male age);Pregnancy chance with IUI and (i) semen quality, (ii) the use of ARV therapy, and (iii) duration of HIV infection (adjusted for male and female ages, and number of IUI cycles).