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Special Considerations for Men's Health
Published in Gia Merlo, Kathy Berra, Lifestyle Nursing, 2023
Advanced paternal age is not well defined for men. Most studies commonly define advanced paternal age as between 35 and 50 years of age. Advanced paternal age is associated with a decline in semen volume, total sperm count, progressive sperm motility issues, and abnormal sperm morphology. Lifestyle decisions about the age at which one pursues parenting are important for fertility.
Overview of Cryptorchidism with Emphasis on the Human
Published in Tom O. Abney, Brooks A. Keel, The Cryptorchid Testis, 2020
David R. Roth, Larry I. Lipshultz
Kogan gathered data from 11 recent series of patients with unilateral cryptorchidism and 9 series of patients with bilateral cryptorchidism. He reported sperm density greater than 20 million/cc in only 51.5% (range 25 to 81%) of 561 men with a history of unilateral cryptorchidism. Therefore, it is apparent that even a unilateral abnormality is reflected in decreased sperm count in a significant number of patients.24 Of 281 men with a history of bilateral undescended testes, only 28% (range 8 to 48%) had a normal sperm count.24 However, these findings are not universal. Gilhooly stated that fertility in patients after an orchiopexy for unilateral cryptorchidism was not different from that of the general population,25 and Fallon reported similar results.26
The Effects of Pharmaceuticals, Environmental, and Occupational Agents on Sperm Motility
Published in Claude Gagnon, Controls of Sperm Motility, 2020
Sperm density is a direct expression of testicular function. Measurements of sperm density and the total number of sperm cells are the most feasible components of the semen evaluation. Samples can be collected at a location distant from the laboratory and no special transport conditions are required for shipment to the laboratory. The methods for counting sperm cells are relatively simple and have been well established. However, some important considerations should be taken into account in the use of sperm count for reproductive risk assessment: (1) the range of normal values” for sperm density has declined during the past four decades8 and (2) the sperm density is a biologically unstable parameter in humans,9 which can be manifested by a significant day-to-day variation in the sperm count of a normal male. Thus, the normal variation makes it difficult to evaluate changes in testicular function on sperm density alone. Another disadvantage of using sperm counts for reproductive risk assessment is that they could reflect relatively late signs of testicular damage. When an abnormal sperm count is detected, it is possible that the damage is already irreversible.
Vitamins as primary or adjunctive treatment in infertile men with varicocele: A systematic review
Published in Arab Journal of Urology, 2021
Georgios Tsampoukas, Kristiana Gkeka, Athanasios Dellis, Dominic Brown, Antigoni Katsouri, Ahmed Alneshawy, Mohamad Moussa, Athanasios Papatsoris, Noor Buchholz
One study reported the efficacy of adjuvant multivitamin treatment after embolisation. Paradiso Galatioto et al. [23] investigated the role of adjuvant multivitamins treatment in 42 infertile men with clinical varicocele Grade III–V and persistent oligospermia after retrograde embolisation. The treated group of 20 men received a complex of N-acetyl-cysteine and vitamins and minerals once daily for 3 months (vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin A, thiamine, riboflavin, piridoxin, nicotinamide, pantothenate, biotin, cyanocobalamin, ergocalciferol, calcium, magnesium, phosphate, iron, manganese, copper and zinc), while the other 22 men did not receive antioxidant therapy (control group). Both groups were followed with a spermiogram at 3 months and the pregnancy rate was recorded during the12-month observation period after treatment withdrawal. Treated patients had increased chances of achieving a normal sperm count compared to the untreated ones, but the benefit was not significant, neither for motility nor morphology. Also, the authors found no impact of adjuvant treatment on the spontaneous pregnancy rate.
The effect of paternal age on intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcome in unexplained infertility
Published in Arab Journal of Urology, 2021
Haitham Elbardisi, Mohamed Arafa, Neha Singh, Bridget Betts, Ashok Agrawal, Ralf Henkel, Alia A. Al-Hadi, Hasan Burjaq, Alia Alattar, Kareim Khalafalla, Ahmad Majzoub
While analysing semen characteristics between the two groups investigated, we found that sperm morphology was the only parameter differing significantly (Group A 12.0% vs Group B 15.0%, P= 0.041). The finding resonated with various previous studies in which morphology declines with increasing paternal age [17,22,23]. However, in all these studies sperm motility and volume decreased with advancing paternal age. According to Stone et al. [17] there is an age-based decline in semen parameters with sperm count decreasing after 35 years, concentration by 40 years, motility by 43 years, and lastly volume after 45 years of age. Similarly, Levitas et al. [19] reported all semen parameters to decline with age so that men in the age group of 30–35 years have maximum sperm quality. Sloter et al. [24] quantified the decline of sperm motion kinetics with advancing age. Therefore, while numerous studies reported decreasing semen quality with age, we did not find any correlations except for morphology. This may be due to the fact that our present study included males with normal semen analysis while most of the previous studies were conducted on sub-fertile or infertile men, known to have abnormal semen quality [25]. Also, in many of these studies, the men were advised to have a longer duration of abstinence compared to the 3–5 days in our present study that might have affected their results.
Sleep behavior is associated with over two-fold decrease of sperm count in a chronotype-specific pattern: path analysis of 667 young men in the MARHCS study
Published in Chronobiology International, 2021
Yimeng Wang, Qing Chen, Kun Liu, Xiaogang Wang, Huan Yang, Niya Zhou, Lin Ao, Jinyi Liu, Jia Cao
The method use for measurement of sperm count has been previously published (Liu et al. 2020). In brief, semen samples were collected using a sterile sampling container and then transferred immediately to the laboratory next to the sampling room. Samples were kept with 37 °C for liquefaction. As recommended by the fifth edition of World Health Organization manual, semen volume was estimated by calculating the weight of the sampling container with semen minus the net weight of the container, assuming that the density of semen was 1 g/mL (WHO 2010). After fully mixing, 10 μL of semen was transferred into a specific counting chamber (Goldcyto, Spain), which was then put on the 37 °C platform of Sperm Class Analyzer 5.3.00 (Microptic, Barcelona, Spain) to measure the sperm concentration utilizing its computer-aided sperm analysis technique, following the manufacture instructions. At least six areas and 400 sperms were scanned for each semen sample. The samples with sperm concentration >50 × 106/mL were diluted with phosphate-buffered saline to achieve a concentration between 2 × 106/mL to 50 × 106/mL, as suggested. The dilution fold was recorded for estimation of sperm concentration. The sperm count was calculated as sperm concentration multiplied by semen volume. The laboratory assessment was completed within 1 h after sampling. All semen samples were examined by a well-trained researcher, who took part in the quality-control system supervised by the Chongqing Science & Technology Commission.