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Pathogenesis of cancer
Published in Peter Hoskin, Peter Ostler, Clinical Oncology, 2020
The potential for human papilloma virus (HPV) to cause cancer is most frequently expressed as the development of benign papillomas (warts) on the genitalia. It is generally considered to be sexually transmitted, infection risk being related to the number of sexual partners and sexual practices such as oral sex. HPV types 6 and 11 are considered low risk for malignant change. HPV types 16 and 18 are high-risk types and account for 70% of cervical cancers. HPV infection is also implicated in the genesis of cancers of the oral cavity, oropharynx, and cancers of the vulva and anal canal. The mechanism is related to viral production of two oncoproteins, E6 and E7, which inactivate the P53 tumour-suppressor gene leading to cancer induction. Routine vaccination against HPV in girls is now available in many countries which is expected to reduce the incidence of such cancers in the future.
Lesbian, Bisexual, Queer and Transgender Women’s Sexual and Reproductive Health
Published in Jane M. Ussher, Joan C. Chrisler, Janette Perz, Routledge International Handbook of Women’s Sexual and Reproductive Health, 2019
Knowledge about safer sex methods for WSW is relatively low. Women can be aware of latex methods of safer sex, including the use of dental dams to cover the genital area during oral sex, condoms on sex toys, and gloves during digital penetration. However, these methods are not commonly used and are not popular (McNair et al., 2009). For example, in an Australian community survey, only 21% of WSW had ever used condoms, 17% gloves, and 13% dams (most often only once) (Richters, Song, Prestage, Clayton, & Turner, 2005). More common activities for safer sex, and I suggest more useful activities, include changing fingers or sex toys between sites, short fingernails and no jewellery to avoid mucosal damage, and avoiding oral sex during herpes outbreaks. Discussion of safer sex practices should be part of health promotion by healthcare providers, although they often are in need of specific training (Stott, 2013).
Human papillomavirus
Published in Shiv Shanker Pareek, The Pictorial Atlas of Common Genito-Urinary Medicine, 2018
Males and females. – urethra.– inner thigh.– anus – around or inside.– mouth or throat – in those practising oral sex with an infected individual.
The Effects of Prostate Cancer Treatment on Role-In-Sex in Gay and Bisexual Men: Mixed Methods Results from the Restore-1 and Restore-2 Studies
Published in The Journal of Sex Research, 2023
Alexander Tatum, B. R. Simon Rosser, Christopher W. Wheldon, Maria Beatriz Torres, Alex J. Bates, Ryan Haggart, Badrinath R. Konety, Darryl Mitteldorf, Elizabeth J. Polter, Michael W. Ross, Kristine M.C. Talley, William West, Morgan M. Wright, Ziwei Zhang
Others found enjoyment through practicing mutual oral sex: In fact, I would say the first time I left the hotel, after the first encounter that I had with him where I had not had intercourse, where we just basically were naked and sucked and all of that, but nothing else. I walked out of the door of that hotel and I felt like I can breathe. It’s exactly what I said to myself. I can breathe. [Respondent 26]I completely enjoy performing oral sex. I enjoy receiving it, too, but and that has only to do with my mouth and my tongue and my fingers. I get a massive amount of enjoyment out of that. That’s without anything happening to me. I enjoy that part of it very, very much. [Respondent 27]We still sleep together. We cuddle up together, but as far as anything sexual is concerned, it’s absolutely gone. It’s not there. It’s not there anymore … I just kind of, “I’ll just go for mutual masturbation and that would kind of be it.” That would be the level of my sexual activity. [Respondent 8]
The impact of knowledge, self-efficacy, and stigma on STI testing intention among college students
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2022
J. A. Thomas, N. Ditchman, R. B. Beedle
This dearth of knowledge includes information related to transmission, diagnosis, and treatment options and can lead to common misunderstandings as to who should seek STI testing. For example, assumed monogamy may not protect against STI infection. Research on heterosexual, monogamous relationships indicates that despite monogamy agreements, partners in these relationships may not keep these agreements,19 and that some individuals are unaware that their partner had recently received a STI diagnosis.20 Another common misunderstanding is that STIs have identifiable symptoms. Many STIs may be asymptomatic, so knowledge about STIs is essential to prevent transmission to future partners and long-term health consequences. The CDC estimates that one in seven people living with HIV do not know their status.21 For individuals living with herpes simplex virus type 2, almost 90% do not know they have the virus.22 These statistics highlight the absence of clinical symptoms often associated with STIs. A third common misunderstanding is that STIs can only spread through penetrative sexual intercourse; yet, STIs can spread through other forms of sexual contact, including oral sex or skin-to-skin contact. Thus, knowledge about STIs is critical, even for individuals already in relationships, those without symptoms, or those who may not engage in vaginal or anal intercourse.
Psychosocial and Behavioral Aspects of Women’s Sexual Pleasure: A Scoping Review
Published in International Journal of Sexual Health, 2021
Joana Reis, Leonor de Oliveira, Cátia Oliveira, Pedro Nobre
A qualitative study exploring women’s attitudes and experiences of cunnilingus found that receiving oral sex was viewed as central to sexual pleasure and orgasm by some women, although some viewed it as uncomfortable or less intimate than intercourse (Backstrom et al., 2012). In a quantitative study, 69% of women reported receiving oral sex was very pleasurable, whilst only 28% considered giving oral sex was very pleasurable (Wood et al., 2016). The same study found higher pleasure ratings for giving and receiving oral sex to a committed partner than to a casual partner. Receiving oral sex was rated as one of the highest sexually pleasurable activities for women (Barnett & Melugin, 2016; Pinkerton et al., 2003). In another study, entitlement to pleasure predicted verbal consent to oral sex as a function of self-efficacy in achieving sexual pleasure (Satinsky & Jozkowski, 2015).