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Foot and ankle radiology
Published in Maneesh Bhatia, Essentials of Foot and Ankle Surgery, 2021
Inflammatory arthritis is a multi-systemic disorder with predominant musculoskeletal features. It is an immune mediated inflammatory response that causes bilateral inflammatory synovitis, commonly affecting the peripheral appendicular joints. MTPJs are preferentially affected. The talonavicular joint is the most frequently affected joint amongst the tarsal joints. Like other joints, there is marginal erosion caused by pannus formation with periarticular osteopaenia due to a combination of disuse and hyperaemia. This causes symmetrical, deforming arthritis with uniform joint space loss, which may eventually lead to ankylosis.
ExperimentaL Oral Medicine
Published in Samuel Dreizen, Barnet M. Levy, Handbook of Experimental Stomatology, 2020
Samuel Dreizen, Barnet M. Levy
The experimental production of dental ankylosis in dogs by means of trauma was attempted by Parker et al.125 Conditions producing ankylosis in man often involve tissue injury, immobility, and lack of function. In the study, 16 dogs were anesthetized and the teeth examined radiographically. Splints were fabricated and cemented to immobilize selected teeth. Tissues investing the teeth were reflected and adjacent bone mechanically injured. The teeth were then ground out of occlusion. Although subsequent radiographic studies indicated that many of the treated teeth had become ankylosed, true ankylosis or continuity of bone with tooth substance was found in only one animal on histologic examination.
The locomotor system
Published in C. Simon Herrington, Muir's Textbook of Pathology, 2020
Ankylosing spondylitis is characterized by inflammation at the sites of insertion of ligaments into bone, the joint capsule and fibres of the annulus fibrosus of the intervertebral discs. The site of ligamentous insertion is the enthesis, and the resultant disease is known as enthesopathy. Inflammation is followed by fibrosis and ossification, particularly around intervertebral discs, with the formation of bridging spurs of bone (syndesmophytes). The synovitis histologically resembles that seen in rheumatoid arthritis. Bony ankylosis is more common than in rheumatoid arthritis, and may affect large joints, particularly the hips.
Value of 3.0T MRI T2 mapping combined with SWI for the assessment of early lesions in hemophilic arthropathy
Published in Hematology, 2022
Lu Zhang, Shufang Wei, Jiajia Li, Pengming Wang, Ge Yinghui
Hemophilia is an X-sex chromosome recessive bleeding disorder. It is divided into two types, i.e. hemophilia A (factor VIII) and hemophilia B (factor IX), depending on the lack of clotting factors. The thickening of the synovial membrane stimulated by synovitis causes more joint bleeding, and the blood metabolite hemosiderin promotes the thickening of the synovial membrane, leading to the erosion of articular cartilage, and forming a vicious cycle of joint bleeding - synovitis - joint bleeding [7]. Furthermore, repeated synovitis with an accumulation of destructive enzymes and cytokines can destroy cartilage and subchondral bone [8]. In advanced stages, joint ankylosis and deformity may also occur, causing great pain and high disability rates. As the most common target joints are the knee [9], ankle [10], and elbow [11], in the present study, we focused on knee joints.
Efficacy of immediate physiotherapy after surgical release of zygomatico-coronoid ankylosis in a young child: A case report
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Krzysztof Dowgierd, Anna Lipowicz, Małgorzata Kulesa-Mrowiecka, Wojciech Wolański, Paweł Linek, Andrzej Myśliwiec
A varied approach to the treatment of TMJ ankyloses has been used in the literature. This approach depends on the location of ankylosis, severity, the patient’s age, and postoperative complications (Dhupar, Akkara, Khandelwal, and Louis, 2018; Kaban, Bouchard, and Troulis, 2009). Some authors have emphasized the importance of physiotherapy in the postoperative treatment of TMJ ankyloses, but this has not been fully described (Dhupar, Akkara, Khandelwal, and Louis, 2018; Kaban, Bouchard, and Troulis, 2009). Due to the low prevalence of TMJ ankylosis, there is an absence of developed recommendations concerning physiotherapeutic procedures in children and adults. Dhupar, Akkara, Khandelwal, and Louis (2018) indicated that the effectiveness of TMJ ankylosis surgery depends on intensive physiotherapy implemented immediately after surgery. Therefore, the aim of this case report was to present the efficacy of two models of post-surgical management (delayed vs. immediate) performed in the same child after successive surgeries to release zygomatico-coronoid ankylosis.
Lack of Associations between Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidase 2 Gene Polymorphisms and Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Meta-analysis with Trial Sequential Analysis
Published in Immunological Investigations, 2022
Shutao Gao, Tao Xu, Chao Mao, Jie Cheng, Chuanhui Xun, Weidong Liang, Weibin Sheng
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is an immune-mediated disease that is typically characterized by inflammation of the axial skeleton, which gives rise to severe back pain and stiffness and progressively leads to subsequent bony ankylosis of the spine (Chen et al. 2019; Sieper et al. 2015). The prevalence of AS is estimated to be 18.6, 18.0, and 12.2 per 10000 among European, Asian, and Latin American, respectively (Dean et al. 2014). Despite medications are available to suppress inflammation and ameliorate symptoms of AS patients, no remedy has been shown to effectively slow down the rate of ankylosis. Individuals with AS often suffer from poor quality of life and are more likely to be work disabled (Ward et al. 2008). AS has become a worldwide public health problem and imposed a heavy burden on the healthcare system (Krüger et al. 2018; Palla et al. 2012).