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Diabetic Neuropathy
Published in Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo, Complications of Diabetes Mellitus, 2022
Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo
Treatments for lumbar radiculopathy are varied, including back supports, medications, physical therapy, spinal corticosteroid injections, and surgery. For cervical radiculopathy, surgical options are varied. Techniques include anterior cervical discectomy to achieve decompression, anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, total disc arthroplasty, laminotomy, and corpectomy. Physiotherapy and surgery together provide better results. Epidural corticosteroid injections are also helpful. These injections often are sufficient, and surgery can be avoided. Thoracic radiculopathy can often be treated nonsurgically, though minimally invasive surgery is often helpful. Medications include NSAIDs, oral or injected corticosteroids, narcotic analgesics, physical therapy, and application of ice or heat.
Intervertebral Disk
Published in Verna Wright, Eric L. Radin, Mechanics of Human Joints, 2020
Many reports have cited the association of epidemiological, biomechanical, structural, and pathological features that explain such spinal conditions as disk degeneration, disk herniation, facet degeneration, spinal instability, spinal stenosis, and degenerative spondylolisthesis. Aging plays a central role in the development of spinal conditions, as do mechanical loads caused by sports, work, or deformity.
Nutritional Disorders/Alternative Medicine
Published in Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss, Understanding Medical Terms, 2020
Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss
Yoga focuses on altering an individual's state of mind and using mind power to generate healing within the body. Various positions, known as asanas, along with concentration on breathing serve to maintain suppleness of the spine and exercise all of the major muscle groups, thereby strengthening organs due to increased respiration and blood flow. Breathing is central, as it is the vehicle for the prana or vital life force to enter the body. Yoga is often recommended by a variety of medical practitioners for remedial and preventive measures for the spine and as a stress-reduction technique. Massage, hypnosis, music therapy, and meditation/visualization techniques such as transcendental meditation (TM) are other forms of relaxation and concentration approaches to induce a positive mental state of healing.
Human trafficking in the health care setting: recommendations for the physical medicine and rehabilitation provider
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2023
Shayan N. Bhathena, Mollie R. Gordon, Carolina Gutierrez, Phuong Nguyen, John H. Coverdale, Jeannie Harden
PM&R physicians, also referred to as physiatrists, are well suited to identify, treat and respond to the bio-psycho-social needs of trafficked persons. The American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (AAPM&R) asserts that physiatrists have received adequate training to practice across a range of settings, including but not limited to:Inpatient and outpatient musculoskeletal and neuromuscular diagnosis and rehabilitation.Acute and chronic pain management.Non-surgical spine medicine.Assessments of function, disability and impairment.Rehabilitative care of brain and spinal cord disorders.Post fracture and joint arthroplasty rehabilitative care.Tissue disorders such as burns, ulcers, and wound care.Rehabilitation of polydisease and general debilitation [7].
Effects of backrest and seat-pan inclination of tractor seat on biomechanical characteristics of lumbar, abdomen, leg and spine
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2023
Qichao Wang, Yihuan Huo, Zheng Xu, Wenjie Zhang, Yujun Shang, Hongmei Xu
The spine plays various roles in supporting the trunk, protecting the internal organs, controlling human movement and protecting the spinal cord. The adult spine consists of 26 vertebrae, including seven cervical vertebrae (C1–C7), 12 thoracic vertebrae (T1–T12), five lumbar vertebrae (L1–L5), one sacral vertebra and one caudal vertebra from the top to the bottom. The load of spine in different parts is the sum of the weight of the above limbs, muscle tension and external load. Therefore, the spine gradually widens from the top to the bottom, which is in line with the gradual increase in spinal load. The thoracic vertebra is the most important part of human spine, playing important roles in maintaining the stability and driving the movement of human upper limbs. The lumbar spine is located at the bottom of the spine, acting as a junction of the movable segment and the fixed segment. It bears a large load and is the most frequent site for the occurrence of lumbar occupational diseases. Based on these facts, this study selected some thoracic segments and the whole lumbar segment as the objects for analysis.
Communication between the gut microbiota and peripheral nervous system in health and chronic disease
Published in Gut Microbes, 2022
Tyler M. Cook, Virginie Mansuy-Aubert
As illustrated in Fig.1 and 2, vagal and spinal afferent neurons innervate the digestive tract, monitoring mechanical, chemical, thermal, and nociceptive signals related to the diet and microbiota.40–45 It is important to note that some enteric neurons are also characterized as afferent and they are labeled as “intrinsic”, while spinal and vagal neurons which originate outside of the gut are “extrinsic”. Vagal afferent neurons transmit signals up from the viscera, their cell bodies are located in the nodose ganglia (NG), and they synapse into the solitary nucleus (NTS) in the brainstem (Figure 2). The NTS integrates vagal afferent signals and relays the information up to higher brain regions such as the hypothalamus, or reflexes back down to the dorsal motor nuclei of the brainstem where vagal efferent neurons project out to effector organs.46 Spinal neurons, with cell bodies in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG), project into the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. These signals are relayed up to the brain and integrated, or they induce reflex activation of motor neurons which may bypass the brain. The spinal nerves can be subdivided into 5 divisions: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal, based on their projections into and out of the vertebrae.