China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Aedes Mosquitoes: The Universal Vector
Published in Jagriti Narang, Manika Khanuja, Small Bite, Big Threat, 2020
Annette Angel, Bennet Angel, Neelam Yadav, Jagriti Narang, Surender Singh Yadav, Vinod Joshi
The reproductive tract of females consists of a pair of ovaries (which are bifurcated into many ovarioles connected to the main oviduct by lateral ducts), vagina, accessory glands, and spermatheca (stores sperms released by males during mating) (Figs. 1.19 and 1.20). Males, on the other hand, are known to be involved in insemination only. They possess a pair of testes, a pair of vas deferens leading into the ejaculatory duct, and a pair of accessory glands (Figs. 1.19 and 1.20). They exhibit a swarming pattern like any other insect and attract females to enter their swarm (Christophers, 1961). The process of mating by the selected male with the female occurs outside the swarm. During mating, the male deposits its sperms into the female’s spermatheca.
Notch signaling in spermatogenesis and male (in)fertility
Published in Rajender Singh, Molecular Signaling in Spermatogenesis and Male Infertility, 2019
Mahitha Sahadevan, Pradeep G. Kumar
Spermatogenesis exists in both sexes of C. elegans, males (genetically XO along with two sets of autosomes) and hermaphrodites (genetically XX along with two sets of autosomes). In the case of male C. elegans, all germline cells differentiate into spermatozoa, whereas in hermaphrodites, switching of events takes place between spermatogenesis to oogenesis during the transition stage from larval form 4 (L4) to adult form. Hermaphrodites start life as male in the larval stage, produce spermatozoa and store the sperm in the proximal end and push it to spermatheca during the first time of ovulation (13,45,46,50–55).
Classification and Systematics
Published in Jacques Derek Charlwood, The Ecology of Malaria Vectors, 2019
Other distinguishing features in the adults include the presence of a single spermatheca in anophelines whilst culicines have three. Similarly, the scutellum (at the distal end of the thorax) is trilobed in culicines but presents a single curve in anophelines (Figure 1.10).
She’s got nerve: roles of octopamine in insect female reproduction
Published in Journal of Neurogenetics, 2021
Melissa A. White, Dawn S. Chen, Mariana F. Wolfner
In the uterus (also known as bursa or genital chamber), eggs are fertilized by sperm maintained in specialized sperm storage organs (SSOs). SSOs typically open into the uterus to optimize fertilization efficiency, but the number and morphology of SSOs varies across lineages. For example, D. melanogaster females have a tubular seminal receptacle (SR) and a pair of spermathecae (ST) (Bloch Qazi, Heifetz, & Wolfner, 2003), while L. migratoria females have a single tubular spermatheca (Clark & Lange, 2000). SSOs in some lineages have secretory capacity and provide substrates that maintain sperm viability and promote female fertility (Davey, 1985; Lange & da Silva, 2007; Lay, Zissler, & Hartmann, 1999; Schnakenberg, Matias, & Siegal, 2011; Sun & Spradling, 2013). Fertilized eggs are then passed through the genital opening onto substrate (Klowden, 2013a). The female RT of some lineages has other specialized secretory organs collectively referred to as accessory glands. In D. melanogaster, these accessory glands are also known as parovaria.
A short guide to insect oviposition: when, where and how to lay an egg
Published in Journal of Neurogenetics, 2019
Kevin M. Cury, Benjamin Prud’homme, Nicolas Gompel
This orderly sequence of external behaviors is paralleled by an internal sequence of processes by which mature eggs are shuttled through the internal reproductive system, fertilized and readied for deposition. Anatomically, the overall organization of the female reproductive system is conserved across insects (Demerec, 1950; Lange, 2009). First, there is an egg factory, in the form of bilateral ovaries. These structures are the sites where germ cells mature into unfertilized eggs. Mature eggs are released from the ovaries into the lumen of a canal, the oviduct, where they start their journey towards the outside world. Each ovary feeds into its own oviduct, and these two lateral oviducts converge, forming a single common oviduct that ultimately leads to the genital chamber, or uterus. Only a single egg can be retained within the genital chamber, and it is here that fertilization occurs as sperm stored in attached sperm storage organs is released. Some insects have multiple sperm storage organs, three in the case of Drosophila (the seminal receptacle and two spermathecae), while others have a single organ (locusts, beetles). Additional secretions from a number of attached accessory glands release molecules that regulate ovulation (Sun & Spradling, 2013), or provide adhesion or protection to the expelled eggs (Thompson, 1986).
Cellular mechanisms regulating synthetic sex ratio distortion in the Anopheles gambiae germline
Published in Pathogens and Global Health, 2020
Roya Elaine Haghighat-Khah, Atashi Sharma, Mariana Reis Wunderlich, Giulia Morselli, Louise Anna Marston, Christopher Bamikole, Ann Hall, Nace Kranjc, Chrysanthi Taxiarchi, Igor Sharakhov, Roberto Galizi
Considering that it was not possible to determine cellular viability of the Ag(PMB)1 X-bearing sperm counted in our confocal analysis, we also performed vigor analysis to test motility of sperm bundles in the spermathecae, which also showed no statistical difference between Ag(PMB)1 and the wild-type males (p = 0.063). However, sperm motility was analyzed from the entire sperm bundle within the spermatheca and not from individual sperm cells possibly diluting the resulting signal (Figure S2).