China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Primary Bone Tumors
Published in Pat Price, Karol Sikora, Treatment of Cancer, 2020
Jeremy S. Whelan, Rob C. Pollock, Rachael E. Windsor, Mahbubl Ahmed
Accurate assessment of audiological, cardiac, renal glomerular, and tubular function should be carried out in all newly diagnosed patients with osteosarcoma. Semen cryopreservation should be offered if appropriate. Periodic re-assessment during therapy is indicated, as nephrotoxicity due to agents such as cisplatin and ifosfamide or anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity may require adjustments in treatment to minimize the risks of permanent damage.
Sperm Banking
Published in Botros Rizk, Ashok Agarwal, Edmund S. Sabanegh, Male Infertility in Reproductive Medicine, 2019
Rakesh Sharma, Alyssa M. Giroski, Ashok Agarwal
According to the latest ESHRE-ASRM Expert Update on fertility preservation (2017), semen cryopreservation is the only established method of fertility preservation in men diagnosed with cancer. Both oncological (various forms of cancer) and nononcological conditions such as autoimmune disease (systemic lupus), male genetic disorders such as Klinefelter syndrome, or conditions associated with hypogonadism and azoospermia, testicular damage, and gender reassignment procedures can benefit from fertility preservation. Testicular tissue cryopreservation can be offered under institutional review board guidelines as an experimental procedure in prepubertal boys, because fertility restoration strategies by autotransplantation of cryopreserved testicular tissue have not been tested for safe clinical use for humans.
Rare forms of hyperthyroidism *
Published in David S. Cooper, Jennifer A. Sipos, Medical Management of Thyroid Disease, 2018
Nicole O. Vietor, Henry B. Burch
Germ cell tumors in men have an annual incidence of 4.8 per 100,000 and account for 98% of all testicular cancers (41). Nonseminomatous tumors account for approximately half of the germ cell tumors and 20–40% produce hCG in high levels, often >50,000 IU per liter. Choriocarcinoma is the most aggressive form and is associated with the highest levels of hCG production (36). Therefore, patients presenting with a nonseminomatous germ cell tumor and overt thyrotoxicosis often have widely metastatic disease at diagnosis. The primary treatment for stage I disease is surgical resection with radical orchiectomy. Loss of fertility is a concern with surgical management, so semen cryopreservation should be considered prior to orchiectomy. Further management with systemic chemotherapy, typically a cisplatin-based triplet regimen, is reserved for advanced stage disease. Prognosis is adversely affected by the presence or absence of a primary mediastinal tumor, elevated tumor markers (hCG) after orchiectomy, and nonpulmonary visceral metastases. With all three features, prognosis, unfortunately, is poor with only 50% long-term survival (36). Current practice guidelines advocate for antithyroid drugs given in conjunction with management of the primary tumor (3).
Corrected cholesterol, a novel marker for predicting semen post-thaw quality: a pilot study
Published in Human Fertility, 2019
Chey G. Dearing, Kevin S. Lindsay
In summary, semen cryopreservation is the recommended method for protecting the fertility of men before they undergo iatrogenic treatments, though high post-thaw outcome variability is a limiting factor. We have demonstrated that this variability can be predicted with both traditional and novel semen and seminal plasma parameters. Corrected cholesterol is a novel rapid diagnostic marker that may be clinically useful for predicting post-thaw motility. This may be used to guide the number of ejaculates stored for individual patients and/or for the appropriate selection of ART with frozen/thawed semen. Individual ejaculate sperm cholesterol concentration is associated with ejaculate tolerance to cryopreservation, which is a novel finding in humans. Further work is required to ascertain how clinically useful corrected cholesterol ratios is in practice.
Sperm preservation by electroejaculation before anticancer therapy
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Urology, 2018
M. Skott, H. Schrøder, J. Hindkjaer, HJ Kirkeby
Cryopreservation of semen and the introduction of intracytoplasmic sperm injection technique (ICSI) have changed the reproductive potential for boys who are likely to become infertile because of anti-cancer therapy. Therefore, semen cryopreservation should always be offered to every adolescent male patient undergoing anti-cancer therapy, since preservation of fertility cannot be guaranteed for the individual patient, due to inter-individual variations or to shifting the treatment from drugs with limited to more gonadotoxic effect. Even semen samples containing only a few motile spermatozoa should be accepted for cryopreservation.
Effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on embryos inseminated with oxidative stress-induced DNA damage sperm
Published in Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine, 2020
Man Chen, Wanmin Liu, Zhiling Li, Wanfen Xiao
Semen cryopreservation is an important procedure in ART. A recent study has speculated that cryopreservation could cause sperm DNA damage (Esteves 2019). Previously, we had reported that cryopreservation of semen resulted in decreased viability, motility, and MMP as well as increased apoptosis, DNA damage, and ROS levels in the sperm (Li et al. 2010). This indicated that cryopreservation results in sperm DNA damage. Generally, low ROS levels play an important role in driving the tyrosine phosphorylation cascades during sperm capacitation. However, oxidative stress is established when the ROS production exceeds the limited antioxidant capacity of spermatozoa. The rates of fertilization, one-cell cleavage, and blastocyst formation in embryos inseminated with frozen-thawed sperm were markedly lower than those in embryos inseminated with fresh sperm. This indicated that the oxidative stress produced during the cryopreservation impairs the fertilizing potential of frozen-thawed sperm (Martins et al. 2019). Hence, DNA damage in spermatozoa is correlated with a higher miscarriage rate and lower good-quality embryo rate (Deng et al. 2019). These insights into the pathophysiology of defective sperm function have clear implications for the diagnosis and treatment of male infertility, particularly for antioxidant therapy. Supplementing the embryo culture system with antioxidants is reported to be an effective clinical approach for protecting the embryos against sperm-associated oxidative damage. Tatemoto et al. (2001) reported that supplementing maturation medium with ascorbic acid 2-O-α-glycoside promotes the porcine oocyte cytoplasmic maturation, which is responsible for developmental competence after fertilization. Additionally, they demonstrated that this effect occurs by mitigating the oxidative stress in porcine oocytes. Thus, antioxidant supplementation is a potential strategy to reduce ROS levels and consequently prevent cryodamage (Li et al. 2010). EGCG exhibited a potential protective effect against oxidative stress-induced DNA damage and apoptosis (Saito et al. 2014). EGCG treatment was reported to promote both nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation of bovine oocytes and subsequent developmental competence of embryos embryonic development (Huang et al. 2018). However, the mechanism underlying the protective effect of EGCG is unknown