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Prevention strategies in cardio-oncology
Published in Susan F. Dent, Practical Cardio-Oncology, 2019
Carolina Maria Pinto Domingues Carvalho Silva, Cristina Salvadori Bittar, Marilia Harumi Higuchi dos Santos Rehder, Ludhmila Abrahão Hajjar
Physical activity plays a cardioprotective role even before cancer treatment is instituted. Cancer reduces exercise capacity even before the start of treatment, and further deterioration in functional capacity is often observed during the course of cancer treatment (9–11). The concept of increasing cardiovascular reserve before cancer treatment is called “prehabilitation” (12), and aims to: (1) reduce the nadir drop of exercise intolerance; (2) attenuate the magnitude of reduction of cardiovascular reserve; and (3) establish an exercise routine that is likely to be continued during cancer treatment (13). For these patients, the exercise prescription follows recommendations for the general population: at least 150 minutes per week of aerobic exercise of moderate intensity associated with resistance activities (one or more sets of 8–12 repetitions for each exercise) (14,15).
Exercise in Pregnancy
Published in James M. Rippe, Lifestyle Medicine, 2019
Kristin Bixel, Mitchell Christie Cobb
When counseling a patient regarding an appropriate exercise regimen, there are several factors to consider: the woman’s age, weight, pre-pregnancy or current fitness level, medical history, and obstetric history. Contraindications should be ruled out or at least weighed against the potential benefits in pregnancy that exercise may confer (e.g., weight management, glucose control, reduction in the risk of hypertensive disorders, psychological benefits, and improvement in musculoskeletal pain). An exercise prescription should include recommendations for intensity, duration, frequency, and type of exercise, and should be tailored to patients on an individual basis.
Diet and exercise
Published in Quentin Spender, Judith Barnsley, Alison Davies, Jenny Murphy, Primary Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 2018
Quentin Spender, Judith Barnsley, Alison Davies, Jenny Murphy
In some areas it is possible for doctors to give an exercise prescription — for attendance at a gym or leisure centre. Schools can introduce intensive exercise programmes that help children become more active, leaner and fitter, but it may be difficult to sustain these changes.26,27
Effect of exercise intervention on lung function in asthmatic adults: a network meta-analysis
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2023
Shuangtao Xing, Shijie Feng, Dan Zeng
The meta-analysis presented in this study has several strengths that contribute to its reliability and validity. It adheres to the latest PRISMA 2020 statement and follows a prospective protocol registration on PROSPERO, which ensures scientific rigor and provides a solid foundation for clinical prevention measures. However, there are also limitations that should be acknowledged, potentially affecting the generalizability of the results: (1) There is inherent variability among the included studies, including individual differences and variations in the type, intensity, frequency, and duration of exercise interventions. These differences may introduce heterogeneity and influence the overall interpretation of the results. (2) The majority of the patients included in the study were under 60 years of age. Therefore, caution should be exercised when extrapolating the findings to patients over 60 years of age, as their response to exercise interventions may differ. (3) Exercise prescription typically considers factors such as exercise type, duration, intensity, and frequency. However, the included randomized controlled trials did not consistently provide detailed descriptions of exercise intensity and frequency. Moreover, the limited number of studies available did not allow for subgroup analysis specifically focused on intensity and frequency.
Developing a predictive equation of cardiovascular age to evaluate cardiovascular health in Chinese community-dwelling women
Published in Health Care for Women International, 2023
In summary, a predictive equation of CVA was developed based on cardiovascular risk factors including HR, DBP, TC and LDL-C from 101 community-dwelling women. The predictive equation was described as CVA (yrs) = 32.59 + 1.36 × TC (mmol/L) − 0.27 × HR (beats/min) + 0.25 × DBP (mmHg) + 3.03 × LDL-C (mmol/L). From cross-sectional validity tests, we discovered that the mean CVA is remarkably younger than the mean CHA in the active women. We conclude that CVA is a valid assessment to evaluate cardiovascular health in Chinese community-dwelling women. Participating in regular physical exercises or dietary modification may be helpful to decrease CVA and improve cardiovascular health. Based on these results, healthcare practitioners can formulate an exercise prescription or dietary program individually that enables people to have better cardiovascular health.
Knowledge regarding cancer-related fatigue: a survey of physical therapists and individuals diagnosed with cancer
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2023
Shana E. Harrington, Mary I. Fisher, Jeannette Q. Lee, Joy Cohn, Daniel Malone
The effectiveness of pharmacologic therapies alone has not been sufficient in the management of CRF and combining pharmacological with nonpharmacologic interventions is recommended (Wanchai, Armer, and Stewart, 2011). Exercise training is safe for those living with and beyond a cancer diagnosis and helps to improve physical fitness, restore physical functioning, enhance quality of life, and mitigate CRF (Schmitz et al., 2010). The American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) recently conducted a multidisciplinary roundtable to advance exercise recommendations beyond public health guidelines and toward prescriptive programs specific to cancer type, treatments, and/or outcomes (Campbell et al., 2019b). These recommendations state that exercise training and testing are generally safe for those living with and beyond cancer and that inactivity should be avoided (Campbell et al., 2019b). Furthermore, an exercise prescription for moderate-intensity aerobic and/or resistance exercise at least 3 times per week, 30 minutes/sessions, for at least 8–12 weeks may consistently improve common treatment-related symptoms and side effects (Campbell et al., 2019a). Specific to CRF, the evidence illustrates that programs lasting at least 12 weeks, with moderate-intensity aerobic training three times per week can significantly ameliorate CRF both during and after treatment (Meneses-Echávez, González-Jiménez, and Ramírez-Vélez, 2015; Tomlinson, Diorio, Beyene, and Sung, 2014; Van Vulpen et al., 2016). Physical therapists are professionally prepared to address CRF through non-pharmaceutical means.