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Nutrition and Metabolic Factors
Published in Michael H. Stone, Timothy J. Suchomel, W. Guy Hornsby, John P. Wagle, Aaron J. Cunanan, Strength and Conditioning in Sports, 2023
Michael H. Stone, Timothy J. Suchomel, W. Guy Hornsby, John P. Wagle, Aaron J. Cunanan
In contrast to priority training, exercises may be completed in a “circuit” fashion in which a series of exercises that may include large and small muscle mass exercises and both upper and lower-body exercises are all completed before circling back to complete another set. This type of training is termed circuit weight training and it is typically characterized by short rest periods (< 1 min) between exercises and/or sets and exercise alterations between upper and lower body each set (141). In theory, the shorter rest periods are meant to stimulate metabolism and increase energy expenditure. In other words, one could argue that the goal of circuit training programs is to simply burn kcal. Compared to priority training programs, circuit training programs typically place a greater emphasis on smaller muscle mass, often single-joint exercises. However, despite the shorter rest periods, the average training intensity is considerably lower in circuit training programs compared to priority training programs due to lower masses being lifted. If large muscle mass exercises are included, circuit training programs can produce fairly high energy expenditures. However, priority training (Table 4.1) that emphasizes large muscle mass exercises can produce similar kcal expenditures, despite the use of longer inter-set rest periods, since heavier loads are used (179).
Intellectual disabilities
Published in Michael Horvat, Ronald V. Croce, Caterina Pesce, Ashley Fallaize, Developmental and Adapted Physical Education, 2019
Michael Horvat, Ronald V. Croce, Caterina Pesce, Ashley Fallaize
Because of the variability of physical and functional skill development, fitness levels of children may be uneven. Based on previous work, it is evident that changes in functional level can be initiated with activity programs. Horvat and Croce (1995) consistently maintain that individuals with ID will respond to training interventions in a manner similar to that of their peers without ID. A critical element of most exercise programs is the ability to maintain intervention and generalize the activity to home, community, and work settings. A circuit training program, as depicted in Figure 8.1, is an excellent way to help children increase physical fitness. A progressive activity program that gradually increases the duration, repetition, or time involved in an activity should be used. If appropriate, additional opportunities should be provided at home or community and recreation settings. For example, several studies used circuit and vocational training in community settings, while Seagraves et al. (2004) and Smail and Horvat (2006) implemented a resistance and vocational training program in a school-based setting. Physical fitness activities, such as walking, jogging, aquatics, dance, aerobics, parachute activities, and stationary cycling, and progressive resistance exercises can be used with children with ID in regular physical education classes or in community settings.
Pulmonary Rehabilitation During Acute Hospitalization
Published in Mary C. Singleton, Eleanor F. Branch, Advances in Cardiac and Pulmonary Rehabilitation, 2018
If the patient has limited exercise tolerance, a circuit training approach is utilized. We may start with three minute bouts of activity spaced by three minute rests. Gradually, the activity periods are lengthened and the rest periods shortened. The patient is encouraged to rest only until his shortness of breath has decreased to an acceptable level for exercise to resume. When patients have difficulty coordinating breathing patterns with activity, the portable pulse/oximeter may be used as a biofeedback tool. Ninety percent oxygen saturation of the blood is used as an acceptable minimum. The patient practices paced breathing, diaphragmatic breathing and pursed-lip exhalation to see which combination allows more exertion while maintaining at least ninety percent oxygenation. If the patient desaturates despite optimal breathing techniques, supplemental oxygen is added, during endurance exercise only, in 1L/ minute increments until an amount is found that prevents desaturation. Oxygen is not administered beyond 4L/minute without specific consent of the physician. Also, care is taken to decrease the amount of supplemental oxygen to the baseline amount immediately upon completion of endurance activity. In patients with carbon dioxide retention, an overabundance of oxygen has the potential to depress the respiratory drive.
Factors predicting long-term physical activity of breast cancer survivors. 5-year-follow-up of the BREX exercise intervention study
Published in Acta Oncologica, 2022
Kristiina Kokkonen, Pirkko-Liisa Kellokumpu-Lehtinen, Markku Kankaanpää, Riku Nikander, Heidi Maria Penttinen, Meri Utriainen, Leena Vehmanen, Riikka Huovinen, Hannu Kautiainen, Carl Blomqvist, Tiina Saarto
After the baseline visit, the patients were randomized either into 12-month supervised exercise training group or control group. The exercise intervention consisted of both supervised and home training protocol. The supervised training was organized once a week as a 60-min endurance program and rotating between step-aerobics and a circuit-training with switch every fortnight. The intensity of exercise was assessed by a Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale, which relies on self-estimation of stress level. After the first six weeks of less intensive training, the stress level was raised toward 14–16 RPE’s [49]. This equals to exercise that feels ‘somewhat hard’ or ‘hard’ and corresponds to 5–7 metabolic equivalents (METs). A metabolic equivalent (MET) unit is the amount of oxygen consumed at rest in supine position and matches 3.5 ml oxygen consumption per kilogram each minute [50]. The home training sessions included endurance training twice-a-week. The nonsupervised endurance training consisted of walking, Nordic walking, or aerobic training. The control group was recommended to maintain their usual level of physical activity and exercise habits during the follow-up.
Effectiveness of a structured physical rehabilitation program on the physical fitness, mental health and pain for Chinese patients with major depressive disorders in Hong Kong – a randomized controlled trial with 9-month follow-up outcomes
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2022
Rosanna Mei Wa Chau, Amy Ying Yu Tsui, Eva Yee Wah Wong, Eddy Yu Yeung Cheung, Debby Yat Ching Chan, Polly Mo Yee Lau, Roger Man Kin Ng
Exercise regime was designed according to the guidelines on exercise prescription for patients with depressive disorder [8,21]. The program lasted for 60 minutes per each session with a frequency of 3 times per week for 12 weeks in total. The program consisted of general stretching exercise as warm-up, circuit training and cooling-down exercise. The circuit training included 3 stations of aerobic exercises with moderate intensity (50–70% of maximum heart rate), 3 stations of strengthening exercises of major muscles groups (3 sets of 10 repetitions per each muscle group). A 15-minute session of cooling down exercise was conducted at the end of each training session with emphases on stress management incorporating mindful breathing, stretching and body awareness exercises. The program emphasized on the interaction among patients and therapists as well as among patients and patients. Patients were encouraged to share their ideas and feelings among peers and therapists to enhance their sense of engagement and ownership of themselves in the program. To cultivate their exercise habit, an exercise booklet with log sheet was delivered for self-monitoring of the compliance rate to home exercise program. Assessments were performed at T1, T2 and T3.
Older Adults’ Psychosocial Responses to a Fear of Falling: A Scoping Review to Inform Occupational Therapy Practice
Published in Occupational Therapy in Mental Health, 2020
Sin Yan Flora Wu, Ted Brown, Mong-lin Yu
Even though CBT has been found to be useful in the management of FoFPR in older adults, CBT interventions alone are inadequate substitutes for interventions that can improve clients’ physical skills to minimize their risks for falling (Giné-Garriga et al., 2013). For that reason, the effectiveness of exercise interventions to improve physical status and minimize fear of falling are well-addressed in the literature (Harling & Simpson, 2008). The exercise interventions included balance training exercise, strength training, and functional circuit training that aims to improve physiological functions (Huang et al., 2015). A systematic review has reported small to moderate effects of exercise interventions to reduce FoFPR negative reactions immediately after the intervention while the long-term effect is unclear (Huang et al., 2015).