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Structured Exercise, Lifestyle Physical Activity, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases
Published in Gia Merlo, Kathy Berra, Lifestyle Nursing, 2023
Barry A. Franklin, Thomas F. O’Connell
Cardiovascular exercise is one of the most effective lifestyle therapies in the prevention and treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD) (Quindry & Franklin, 2018). Typical cardiac rehabilitation exercise protocols incorporate moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) where participants exercise at 50–75% of their peak or maximal attained heart rate (HRmax). Recently, there has been a heightened interest in high-intensity interval training (HIIT), which alternates high-intensity 30 to 240 second exercise bouts with periods of more moderate activity or passive recovery. An intensity of 85 to 100% HRmax is generally targeted during the most strenuous HIIT intervals (Gayda et al., 2016). In healthy individuals, HIIT has been shown to elicit similar improvements in body composition and aerobic capacity as compared with MICT but in an abbreviated training duration (Ross et al., 2016). HIIT has also been reported to increase post-exercise oxygen consumption, which has the potential to augment weight loss (Gibala et al., 2012). Despite some potential advantages of HIIT, questions remain regarding its safety and efficacy as compared with MICT in patients with CAD.
Exercise and Rehabilitation in Heart Failure
Published in Andreas P. Kalogeropoulos, Hal A. Skopicki, Javed Butler, Heart Failure, 2023
Audrey Borghi-Silva, Flávia Rossi Caruso, Renata Gonçalves Mendes
Exercise training is an essential tool for rehabilitation in HFpEF and HFrEF. Moderate-intensity exercise programs are recommended, whereas HIIT may be applied under more stable clinical conditions. Non-pharmacological therapies as an adjunct to ET, such as ventilatory muscle training, non-invasive ventilation, and neuromuscular electrical stimulation have gained prominence and scientific relevance. Future studies should be performed to confirm the effects of these adjunct therapies on larger samples. Although the evidence base is less robust during the hospitalization period, studies have demonstrated that exercise implemented early after an episode of decompensation is safe and beneficial in several clinical and functional outcomes in selected patients after achievement of clinical stability.
Cellular Adaptations to High-Intensity and Sprint Interval Training
Published in Peter M. Tiidus, Rebecca E. K. MacPherson, Paul J. LeBlanc, Andrea R. Josse, The Routledge Handbook on Biochemistry of Exercise, 2020
Martin J. MacInnis, Lauren E. Skelly
Interval training formats are generally differentiated by the intensity and duration of the work bouts. Weston et al. (108) defined HIIT as interval exercise eliciting ≥80% of maximal heart rate (HRmax) and SIT as interval exercise that is performed in an “all-out” manner. In contrast, Buchheit and Laursen (10) suggested that HIIT should be performed above the critical intensity of exercise (i.e., maximal lactate steady state [MLSS], critical power [CP], or critical speed) implying that work bouts must be performed in the severe intensity domain (84). Furthermore, these authors also suggested that, at least for running, SIT should be performed at 85–100% of maximum sprint speed (or above 160% of the minimal speed required to elicit maximal oxygen uptake, V˙O2max), which largely agrees with the general recommendation that the effort should simply be “all-out.” Typically, work bouts for HIIT range from 1 to 5 min (68, 73), whereas work bouts for SIT are 20–30s (14, 36). For HIIT and SIT, a single set of 4–10 repetitions is common, and recovery periods for HIIT and SIT are generally, but not always, ∼1–3 min and ∼2–4.5 min, respectively (14, 36, 68, 73). In contrast, RST typically involves repeated efforts lasting <10 s interspersed with recovery periods generally <60s (39). While Buchheit and Laursen (10) suggested that the intensity of RST should be between the intensity of HIIT and SIT, other studies report that RST is performed “all-out” (32). Often, RST involves a similar or greater number of repetitions than HIIT and SIT and consists of multiple sets (32).
Short Term, Oral Supplementation with Optimized Curcumin Does Not Impair Performance Improvements Associated with High Intensity Interval Training
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2022
Jacob N. Kisiolek, Nikeeta Kheredia, Victoria Flores, Arjun Ramani, Jonathon Lisano, Nora Johnston, Laura K. Stewart
High intensity interval training (HIIT) has become increasingly popular in recent decades and allows for a more time efficient method of exercise training (Foster et al. 2015). HIIT is defined as repeated bouts of high-intensity exercise separated by recovery or rest periods (Buckley et al. 2015). Each bout of high intensity exercise can last between 6 s to 4 min with recovery periods lasting between 10 s to 4 min (Romain et al. 2019). The target intensity for HIIT is usually between 80 and 100% of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) or maximal heart rate (HRmax) (Naves et al. 2018). Chronic HIIT training is well studied and the evidence remains consistent with respect to the positive impact on whole body physiological parameters including increases in anaerobic and aerobic capacity, insulin sensitivity, lower resting blood pressure, and improvements in endothelial function (Gibala et al. 2012). There is also evidence that HIIT can improve psychological health and quality of life (Stavrinou et al. 2018; Romain et al. 2019), and increase brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) (Jiménez-Maldonado et al. 2018), which is a biomarker of neural health.
Effects of high intensity interval training and sprint interval training in patients with asthma: a systematic review
Published in Journal of Asthma, 2022
Gamze Ertürk,, Çiçek Günday,, Halenur Evrendilek,, Kübra Sağır,, Gökşen Kuran Aslan,
Studies evaluating the acute effects of HIIT/SIT protocols on asthmatic patients have been structured differently. When the effects of SIT and CE on EIBC patients were compared, a significant difference was observed only for TSI values (CE more than SIT, p < 0.05), but no significant difference was observed when the results were compared with healthy controls. In the only study evaluating the acute effect of HIIT on asthma patients, the results of the HIIT, MICE, and MIIE protocols were compared, and as a result, the MICE protocol was found to be associated with the greatest decline in lung function and interval training protocols were well tolerated for asthmatic adults (26). Moreover, a study done with healthy young men suggested that HIIT protocol has acute beneficial effects on the recovery period after exercise when compared to continuous exercise regimen (31). Recovery is also important for asthmatic patients because it takes a longer amount of time among asthmatic patients when compared to their healthy peers (32). For this reason, future studies could focus on the effects of different HIIT/SIT protocols on the recovery parameters.
Benefits and interval training in individuals with spinal cord injury: A thematic review
Published in The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 2022
David R. Dolbow, Glen M. Davis, Michael Welsch, Ashraf S. Gorgey
A case study of a 42-year-old individual with 15 years post-C8/T1 motor complete SCI who undertook a periodized HIIT-ACE training plan three times per week over 12 weeks demonstrated increased VO2peak and peak workload.35 Three different HIIT protocols were utilized weekly, with the initial sessions deploying exercise bouts of three times five minutes at ∼70% peak power with a five-minute recovery, the second using exercise bouts of four times two and a half minutes at ∼85% peak power with a five-minute recovery. The third used 10 exercise bouts of one minute at ∼110% peak power with a two-minute recovery. Over time, the heart rate peak was elevated upward as the percentage of heart rate peak (<75%, 75–89%, and 90+%). Peak VO2 and peak work output increased by 52% and 40%, respectively, after six weeks and remained plateaued through an additional six weeks.