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Inflammatory, Hypersensitivity and Immune Lung Diseases, including Parasitic Diseases.
Published in Fred W Wright, Radiology of the Chest and Related Conditions, 2022
The 'hallmarks' of tuberculosis are lung infiltration, or consolidation particularly of an upper lobe together with cavitation but it may also occur in the lower lobes. Cavitation may be thin or thick-walled, multiple or single (see TB-CAVITATION), When TB was more common cystic cavities often appeared following the clearing of consolidation and this part of the lung often contracted and showed scarring. Occasionally a pneumatocoele is seen. The infiltration tends to be multi-focal due to local spread; it is also often widely disseminated with 'broncho-pneumonic spread', due to the trans-bronchial dissemination of infected caseous material. Upper lobe infiltration, particularly lying posteriorly should always arouse suspicion as should infiltration and cavitation in the apex of a lower lobe, where the ratio of perfusion to ventilation is reduced, leading to a higher pH and a raised-HCO3 (see also p. 1.47). On HRCT a 'tree in bud' appearance may be seen with acute TB (see also refs, to Im et al., 1993, Walsh et al., 1996 & Loftus, 1997 - and Illus. TREE IN BUD SIGN, TB Pt. 76 & TB Asian, Pt. 7).
E-cigarettes: What evidence links vaping to acute lung injury and respiratory failure?
Published in Canadian Journal of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, 2020
Grace Parraga, Mathieu C. Morissette
The chest X-ray computed tomography (CT) images for several published cases are also published2,3,5,7–10 and these findings are also summarized in Table 2. CT revealed several key findings that were in good agreement with bronchoalveolar lavage and histological results. In the published cases, there was CT evidence of localized basal inflammation and/or hypersensitivity pneumonitis, lipid pneumonia, alveolar hemorrhage, diffuse and crazy paving ground glass opacities, dense consolidation, bronchial dilatation and tree-in-bud-sign consistent with bronchioles filled with inflammatory exudate or with aspiration bronchopneumonia. The most common CT finding was diffuse ground glass opacity, but it is important to point out that the timing of the CT with respect to the duration and severity of illness among cases was highly variable.
Diarrhoea in adults with coronavirus disease—beyond incidence and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in Infectious Diseases, 2021
Roman Maslennikov, Elena Poluektova, Vladimir Ivashkin, Andrey Svistunov
The incidence of bilateral involvement (Figure 6(a)), infiltrates, multiple lesions, consolidations, ground glass opacities, reticulation (Figure 6(b)), linear densities, pleural effusion, bronchiectases, chest lymphadenopathy, tree-in-bud sign and nodules did not differ between patients with and without diarrhoea [26,28,44]. There was no significant difference in the proportion of patients showing improvement and deterioration in CT re-examinations between patients with and without diarrhoea [44].