China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Reading of Chest Radiographs Some basic Anatomy and Physiology; including Pleural Fissures, Mediastinal Lines, The Bronchi and Para-Tracheal Lines, Hilar Anatomy, the Pulmonary Lobules, Acini and Lung Cortex, Distribution of Lung Disease in Relation to Anatomy and Physiology, Basic CT and Pathological Anatomy.
Published in Fred W Wright, Radiology of the Chest and Related Conditions, 2022
Eosinophilic pneumonia - patchy uni- or bilateral consolidation, esp. of upper lobes and often with a peripheral or subpleural predominance and crescentic subcortical shadowing on CT. There is often a sharp demarcation between consolidated and air-filled lung, esp. at septa. There may also be areas of ground-glass opacity. It may be difficult to distinguish radiologically from BOOP.
Efficient Diagnosis using Chest CT in COVID-19: A Review
Published in S. Prabha, P. Karthikeyan, K. Kamalanand, N. Selvaganesan, Computational Modelling and Imaging for SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, 2021
J. Sivakamasundari, K. Venkatesh
CT image abnormalities related to lung infections are explained in various research papers. Ground glass opacity means, increased lung density with no obscuration of underlying lung markings. Consolidation means increased lung density due to abnormal lung markings. Perilobular opacities are polygonal or curvilinear bands in the adjoining secondary pulmonary lobule area. Interlobular or intralobular irregular septal thickening is called reticulation. Thin linear opacities like sub-pleural bands are situated in peripheral and parallel to the pleura. Irregular or dilated airways in areas of fibrosis are termed traction bronchiectasis (Thomas and Robert 2020).
Democratic gestures
Published in Alan Bleakley, Medical Education, Politics and Social Justice, 2020
The thinking has now strayed far from “patient-centredness” (that is a de-territorializing tactic affording power to the patient) to reintroduce the boundary that denotes “medical territory: do not enter”. Thus: Tachycardia is a condition that makes your heart beat more than 100 times per minute: “your heart is racing”.A pulmonary infiltrate, observed on the chest X-ray, is a substance denser than air, such as pus, blood or protein, which lingers within the lungs: “your lungs are clogged, stopping you from breathing easily”.Ground-glass opacity is a metaphor or resemblance used to shortcut to an instant diagnosis (technically referring to an area of increased attenuation in the lung with preserved bronchial and vascular markings). While it is a non-specific sign with a wide aetiology including infection, chronic interstitial disease and acute alveolar disease, here it is linked with a COVID-19 infection. The patient could readily identify with this resemblance (“ground glass” as opaque) giving him (in the example above) a strong image for relating to his illness. Resemblances, often used as rapid diagnosis in medicine (“strawberry tongue” – possibly scarlet fever) can readily be related to by a layperson.
Recent innovations in the screening and diagnosis of systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, 2023
Ashima Makol, Vivek Nagaraja, Chiemezie Amadi, Janelle Vu Pugashetti, Elaine Caoili, Dinesh Khanna
Another computer-aided CT image post-processing lung texture analysis with the use of CALIPER (Computer-Aided Lung Informatics for Pathology Evaluation and Ratings) technology has been used to identify CT features predictive of mortality and FVC decline, and to predict response to Pirfenidone therapy in IPF patients [27,30]. In SSc-ILD patients, CALIPER can quantify ILD features and asses for worsening of PFT parameters [32]. In this subgroup, ground glass opacity was identified as the main radiological finding to predict worsening of pulmonary function as assessed by PFTs. CALIPER has also been used to demonstrate radiographic response to mycophenolate therapy in SSc-ILD patients [33]. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) when co-exists with ILD in SSc patients worsens the overall prognosis [34]. The use of CALIPER has found it application in simultaneously quantification of pulmonary vascular parameters alongside ILD. Vascular parameters for total and separated pulmonary vascular volume (PVV) significantly correlate with functional parameters and increase in parallel with ILD extent and functional impairment [35]. Further, CALIPER technology allowed to identify heterogenous patterns of pulmonary vascular changes with PVV significantly increased in SSc patients with DLCO% reduction. Concomitant quantification of ILD patterns and PVV changes may serve as radiomic biomarkers for assessing disease severity, therapeutic response, and outcome measure in trials [36].
Celiac disease and idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis: a literature review of the Lane–Hamilton syndrome
Published in Postgraduate Medicine, 2022
Stavros Tryfon, Efthymia Papadopoulou, Georgios Psarros, Michael Agrafiotis, Maria Saroglou
Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage demonstrates patchy or diffuse ground-glass opacities, and is sometimes accompanied by consolidation or ill-defined centrilobular opacities. There are different patterns on high-resolution CT scan depending on the hemorrhage onset [45]. In the phase of acute hemorrhage, lobular or lobar areas of ground-glass opacity to consolidation predominate. In such cases, ground-glass opacity is generated by subtotal alveolar filling with blood and is accompanied by apparent prominence of the segmental and subsegmental bronchi, which has been referred to as the ‘dark bronchus’ sign. Ground-glass opacity is defined as a nonspecific term referring to ‘the presence on high-resolution CT of a hazy increase in lung opacity not associated with obscuration of underlying vessels’ [46], and implies a long list of differential diagnosis, occupying either alveoli or interstitium, or both. Therefore, in the interpretation of cases with ground-glass opacities, relevant clinical information is often crucial.
Six-month outcomes and effect of pulmonary rehabilitation among patients hospitalized with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2021
Yaoshan Dun, Chao Liu, Jeffrey W. Ripley-Gonzalez, Ping Liu, Nanjiang Zhou, Xun Gong, Baiyang You, Yang Du, Jiyang Liu, Bo Li, Suixin Liu
Patients performed a CT scan at the 2-week follow-up time point. The procedures of the CT scan and the interpretation have been described previously [24]. Each lung was divided into upper and lower zones according to the oblique fissure of the lung, and each zone was evaluated in terms of involvement. The degree of involvement within each lung zone was assigned a score ranging from 0 (none) to 100% (complete involvement) of one zone. The parenchymal abnormality on CT images was graded on a four-point scale: 1, normal attenuation; 2, ground-glass attenuation; 3, consolidation; and 4, honeycombing opacity. The ground-glass opacity was defined as an area of hazy increased lung opacity, within which margins of pulmonary vessels may be indistinct. Consolidation appeared as a homogeneous increase in pulmonary parenchymal attenuation that obscured vessels and airway walls’ margins. Honeycombing opacity refers to damaged and fibrotic lung tissue containing numerous cystic airspaces with thick fibrous walls. Points from all zones were added to arrive at a final total cumulative score (range of possible scores 0–16).