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Empyema from Misplacement of Percutaneous Nephrostomy Tube—A Diagnostic Challenge
Published in Wickii T. Vigneswaran, Thoracic Surgery, 2019
Raed Abdulkareem, Francis J. Podbielski
Urinothorax and nephropleural fistula have been reported soon after placement or removal of percutaneous nephrostomy tubes [1,2]; this complication usually resolved after simple thoracentesis or serial thoracenteses [3]. A similar case from our review is presented by Kumar et al., who described a patient who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) for the removal of kidney stones [4]. Thus, to our knowledge, the case presented here in our report is the first of its kind to be reported.
Clinical Diagnosis of Pleural Disease
Published in Philip T. Cagle, Timothy C. Allen, Mary Beth Beasley, Diagnostic Pulmonary Pathology, 2008
There are several other entities that may have an associated transudative pleural effusion. Approximately 2% of patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis will develop large transudative pleural effusions due to the dialysate passing into the pleural space through defects in the diaphragm. Transudative pleural effusions also occur in patients with severe hypoproteinemia (AIDS or nephrotic syndrome), superior vena caval obstruction, and obstruction of a ureter (urinothorax).
Advances in pleural effusion diagnostics
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2020
Lucía Ferreiro, María E. Toubes, María E. San José, Juan Suárez-Antelo, Antonio Golpe, Luis Valdés
PF appearance and odor can also guide diagnosis. A milky hematic, dark greenish, yellowish-greenish, or brownish appearance is associated with empyema, chylothorax, and pseudochylothorax in the first case (differentiation diagnosed would be based on centrifugation); with neoplasm, pulmonary embolism or asbest in the second; and with bilio-pleural fistula, rheumatoid effusion and rupture of an amebian hepatic abscess, in that order, in the rest. If PF is composed of pus and has a putrid odor, it is very likely to be an infection caused by anaerobes. If it smells like ammonia, the etiology will be an urinothorax [115]. PF test results must be revised and additional tests requested. If PE is undiagnosed, LDH, CEA, triglycerides, cholesterol, NT-proBNP and mesothelin values should be assessed. The usefulness of these parameters has been described above.