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Basics of CT Scan Head and Trauma Radiographs
Published in Kajal Jain, Nidhi Bhatia, Acute Trauma Care in Developing Countries, 2023
Ujjwal Gorsi, Chirag Kamal Ahuja
Pneumomediastinum is seen on radiograph as air surrounding mediastinal structures like oesophagus, trachea and major vessels. The continuous diaphragm sign may also be seen (Figure 29.12). Aetiology of pneumomediastinum is usually rupture of the alveoli, and injury to the oesophagus and tracheobronchial tree.
Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia *
Published in Lourdes R. Laraya-Cuasay, Walter T. Hughes, Interstitial Lung Diseases in Children, 2019
One of the most common complications of P. carinii pneumonitis is the occurrence of pneumothorax. This complication usually results from the invasive diagnostic procedure, but is sometimes found to occur spontaneously in patients who have had no diagnostic procedures. Pneumomediastinum is encountered in some cases, especially those receiving assisted ventilation.
Chest
Published in A. Sahib El-Radhi, Paediatric Symptom and Sign Sorter, 2019
An asthmatic child who suddenly becomes dyspnoeic, with retrosternal pain, may not always have exacerbation of asthma. Pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum should be considered. Pneumomediastinum is caused by alveolar rupture, leading to air infiltration along the bronchiolar sheath with air reaching the mediastinum. Computed tomography (CT) scan is the golden standard to diagnose it.
Rare complication of coupled VASER liposuction and Renuvion technologies: a case report
Published in Case Reports in Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 2023
Moraya Alqahtani, Nehal Mahabbat, Khalid Fayi
A single 34-year-old woman, not known to have any medical problems, BMI of this patient was 28 kg/m2, with medium abdominal wall thickness, she underwent VASER-assisted liposuction of the abdomen, flanks, and lateral thighs, coupled with Renuvion skin tightening by J-Plasma for skin retraction. On the 2nd postoperative day, the patient complained of pain in the right shoulder. The physical examination was unremarkable. The vitals and basic lab results were within the normal range. An X-ray of the abdomen showed pneumoperitoneum (Figure 1). A computerized tomography (CT) scan with contrast was also done. The radiological findings showed early postoperative changes related to anterior abdominal wall liposuctions with moderate subcutaneous emphysema. Mild pneumoperitoneum and pneumomediastinum were also observed. No signs of viscus perforation, extraluminal leakage of dense contrast material, or pneumothorax were noted. On the other hand, the visualized portion of the bowel was unremarkable. The patient was followed after 2 weeks, her symptoms started to improve in regards to pain, and recovered completely 1 month later. During the patient's recovery period pain killer were given, and instructions to come to ER with any worsening of her symptoms.
Applications of cryobiopsy in airway, pleural, and parenchymal disease
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2022
Andrew DeMaio, Jeffrey Thiboutot, Lonny Yarmus
With development of a 1.1 mm cryoprobe, cryobiopsy has also been utilized in a similar fashion with the EBUS bronchoscope to provide larger specimens for pathologic evaluation and increase diagnostic yield. In fact, a recent trial has investigated the use of conventional EBUS-TBNA versus EBUS-cryobiopsy using a 1.1 mm cryoprobe [102]. All patients underwent both EBUS-TBNA and EBUS-cryobiopsy sequentially, with the order of sampling randomized. The overall diagnostic yield was higher in samples obtained by EBUS-cryobiopsy versus TBNA (91.8% vs. 79.9%, p = 0.001). The diagnostic yield was similar for metastatic adenopathy, but higher in both uncommon tumors (91.7% vs 25.0%, p = 0.001) and benign disorders (80.9% vs 53.2%, p = 0.004). No major complications were reported, although there were two instances of pneumothorax and one instance of pneumomediastinum reported. There is potentially increased risk with this approach compared to EBUS-TBNA, especially if vascular nodes or those near large vessels are sampled. Notably, accessing lymph nodes with the cryoprobe required using an electrocautery knife to make a small incision in the bronchial wall prior to facilitate passage of the cryoprobe.
Can pregnancy aggravate the criticality of COVID-19 infection in obese asthmatic peripartum woman? A peripartum COVID-19 mortality case report
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022
Mohamed Fouad Selim, Sherif A. A. Mohamed, Manal Mohamed Ali Abdou, Mohamed Salah Haggag, Yasser Gamal, Azza S. Abd Elhaffez
On June 21 2020, she started to have increasing tachypnoea, oxygen saturation dropped to 90 − 94% on room air, so oxygen therapy via nasal prongs was given. On June 23 2020, the patient developed progressive hypoxaemia with tachypnoea that necessitated intubation and mechanical ventilation. She received lung protective strategy for COVID-19-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (CARDS). A CT of her chest shows bilateral mosaic appearance, GGOs, and posterior lobes consolidations. On the third day of mechanical ventilation, the patient developed convulsions and bilateral pneumothorax with pneumomediastinum, as shown in her chest CT (Figure 1). She received broad spectrum antibiotics (ceftriaxone 2 grams intravenously once daily), dexamethasone (8 mg intravenously once daily), and 800 mg intravenous tocilizumab (actimera), together with medications for asthma, hypothyroidism and thromboprophylaxis (clexane 80 mg twice daily). No signs were suggestive of pulmonary embolism. Unfortunately, her ARDS was not improved. On June 29, the patient developed progressive hypotension then arrested, CPR was done but the patient did not revive and expired ten days after her Caesarean delivery.