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Assessment of fetal well-being: Fetal heart rate monitoring and the fetal biophysical profile
Published in Hung N. Winn, Frank A. Chervenak, Roberto Romero, Clinical Maternal-Fetal Medicine Online, 2021
Yinka Oyelese, Martin Chavez, Anthony M. Vintzileos
Antepartum fetal surveillance has led to a reduction in perinatal mortality. The techniques described in this chapter are now widely accepted and almost universally used. A clear understanding of the physiologic basis for these tests and of the pathophysiology of the conditions that can cause fetal death or intrauterine hypoxia is crucial to appropriate application of these surveillance methods. Unfortunately, there will still be some causes of death that cannot be predicted or prevented using these methods.
Long-Term Glucose Infusions in the Treatment of Fetal Growth Retardation
Published in Asim Kurjak, John M. Beazley, Fetal Growth Retardation: Diagnosis and Treatment, 2020
Consequently, there is little to support the notion of danger from hypoxia in the human fetus, if glucose is administered prenatally. However, in cases of severe intrauterine hypoxia, the fetoplacental circulation may decrease to a third of normal and this substantially worsens the fetal metabolic condition.47 Secondly if the prenatal glucose load is too great, metabolic acidosis can occur in the human fetus.48 To discover whether hypoxia or the glucose load we used adversely affected the prenatally treated SFD fetuses, two studies were performed.
Ergonomics
Published in Vilma R. Hunt, Kathleen Lucas-Wallace, Jeanne M. Manson, Work and the Health of Women, 2020
Vilma R. Hunt, Kathleen Lucas-Wallace, Jeanne M. Manson
Stembera and Hodr have also shown that exercise test differences can be found in the phonocardiogram of healthy fetuses and of potentially distressed ones.60 The study population was divided into four groups: Healthy fetuses after a physiological course of pregnancyFetuses whose mothers showed pathologic conditions, but in whom no signs of hypoxia appeared during or after birth.Fetuses with clinical symptoms of hypoxia during delivery, but in whom all signs of sustained intrauterine hypoxia receded up to one minute after birthHypoxic newborns
Islet hypoplasia of adult offspring rats caused by intrauterine chronic hypoxia is compensated by up-regulation of INS and PDX-1
Published in Islets, 2023
Tianfeng Chen, Yang Xiao, Shaodan Xu, Helin Ke, Shilin Li
Intrauterine chronic hypoxia (ICH) is one of the most common complications of pregnancy, and its direct cause is inadequate perfusion of blood to the placenta.1,2 Indirect risk factors, such as pre-eclampsia, preterm labor, cardiopulmonary disease, obesity, and high altitude, may also cause intrauterine hypoxia.3–5 It is reported that offspring of pregnant rats exposed to hypoxic environment show elevated blood pressure and blood glucose compared to those exposed to normal oxygen level.6,7 In addition, some animal models of mid-to-late-pregnancy hypoxia have shown that ICH leads to lung and nerve damage, reduction in ovarian primordial follicle count, telomere length shortening, and accelerated aging in offspring of rodents.8–11 ICH caused by various factors will induce fetal blood flow to be preferentially supplied to the heart and brain and other vital organs, possibly at the expense of others,12 thus affecting fetal development.13 This mechanism is called a phenomenon of “fetal programming,”14 which uses genetic modifications to automatically adapt to external stimuli.15,16 However, this mechanism increases the offspring’s susceptibility to metabolic disease in adulthood.6,17,18
Comparative study of umbilical cord cross-sectional area in foetuses with isolated single umbilical artery and normal umbilical artery
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022
Tian-Gang Li, Chong-Li Guan, Jian Wang, Mei-Juan Peng
UAs are the main vascular channels connecting the foetus and the placenta. The umbilical circulation provides the foetus with nutrients and gas exchange; therefore, haemodynamic changes in the umbilical cord suggest an intrauterine oxygen supply and placental pathological changes. The embryonic umbilical cord surrounds the allantois; thus, two of the allantoic arteries form the UA. If one of the UAs shrinks, an SUA is formed. Formerly, foetal umbilical blood flow was assessed mainly for pregnancy-induced hypertension and intrauterine hypoxia. The lack of a UA in isolated SUA may cause foetal UA haemodynamic changes and affect foetal intrauterine development (Battarbee et al. 2017). Monitoring the umbilical blood flow in foetuses with isolated SUA and the general condition of umbilical blood vessels may aid in early detection of the haemodynamic changes associated with isolated SUAs.
Evaluation of Fetal Serum Thiol/Disulfide Homeostasis and Ischemia-Modified Albumin Levels in Fetal Distress
Published in Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 2022
Seyit Ahmet Erol, Atakan Tanacan, Orhan Altinboga, Filiz Halici Ozturk, Burcin Salman Ozgu, Yasemin Tasci, Salim Neselioglu, Ozcan Erel, Dilek Sahin
ROS plays a key role in the female reproductive system, affecting processes from follicle development to implantation and placental unit restoration. ROS were also found to be associated with various pregnancy complications. The issue of whether ROS itself causes pregnancy complications or whether ROS occurs secondary to pregnancy complications is controversial [19]. Identification of intrauterine hypoxia is not always easy and no standard method for the assessment of OS markers has been validated yet. For this reason, studies investigating blood levels of hypoxia-related metabolites are valuable to determine more effective management protocols for the clinicians. Estimating the possible time of hypoxic events may be beneficial for physicians to protect themselves from medico-legal issues. Furthermore, the evaluation of such metabolites may enlighten the pathophysiological processes behind pregnancy complications and poor neonatal outcomes.