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Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgery
Published in Timothy W R Briggs, Jonathan Miles, William Aston, Heledd Havard, Daud TS Chou, Operative Orthopaedics, 2020
Jonathan Wright, Russell Hawkins, Aresh Hashemi-Nejad, Peter Calder
Cerebral palsy is typically treated in one of three phases: Dynamic contractures: Casting and/or botulinum toxin (BTX) injectionFixed contractures: Muscle balancing techniques such as releases, lengthening and transfersBony deformity and joint incongruence: Osteotomies
Neurology and neurosurgery
Published in Jagdish M. Gupta, John Beveridge, MCQs in Paediatrics, 2020
Jagdish M. Gupta, John Beveridge
In all areas other than gross motor ability the child is developing normally. He cannot have mental subnormality or phenylketonuria (which causes mental deficiency). Spina bifida occulta does not cause motor problems. Cerebral palsy and muscular dystrophy are possible diagnoses.
Clinical specialties
Published in Andrew Schofield, Paul Schofield, The Complete SAQ Study Guide, 2019
Andrew Schofield, Paul Schofield
A 22-month-old boy is seen in the paediatric outpatients’ clinic as his parents are concerned that he has not started walking. After further assessment, the child is diagnosed as having cerebral palsy. Define cerebral palsy. (2)Give two of the subtypes of cerebral palsy, using the classification system based on movement disorder. (2)Apart from the motor complications, give two other clinical features that a child with cerebral palsy may have. (2)Give two professional groups other than doctors that may be involved in the care of a child with cerebral palsy. (2)Name two medications a child with cerebral palsy may be prescribed to help with muscle spasm. (2)
Effect of power training on locomotion capacities in children with cerebral palsy with GMFCS level III–IV
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2023
Sofia Smati, Annie Pouliot-Laforte, Mathilde Chevalier, Martin Lemay, Laurent Ballaz
Cerebral palsy (CP) describes “a group of permanent disorders of the development of movement and posture, causing activity limitation, that are attributed to non-progressive disturbances that occurred in the developing fetal or infant brain” [1]. Cerebral palsy is characterized by impaired selective motor control, atypical muscle tone and muscle weakness leading to locomotion limitations [2]. Children with CP who are able to ambulate walk slower and have poorer walking endurance compared to their peers [3]. These limitations are exacerbated in children with low motor function, namely those with Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level III–IV, and greatly compromise their community integration [4]. In this context, opportunities to perform recreational sport activities are reduced, resulting in an important risk for physical deconditioning due to lack of regular physical activity [5].
Investigating the Effect of Leap Motion on Upper Extremity Rehabilitation in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Published in Developmental Neurorehabilitation, 2023
Mahla Daliri, Ali Moradi, Saeid Fatorehchy, Enayatollah Bakhshi, Ehsan Moradi, Sajad Sabbaghi
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a well-known, non-progressive neurodevelopmental disorder. CP is the most common pediatric motor disability1 that begins in early childhood and lasts throughout one’s life, with long-term consequences on sensory-motor abilities.1 Although there is no single agreed-upon cure for cerebral palsy, early therapeutic available interventions like physical therapy, occupational therapy, medications, surgery, and orthotic devices can improve patients’ level of activity and quality of life.2 Upper extremity (UE) dysfunction is due to muscle imbalance, spasms, and weakness in CP that causes notable disability in activities of daily living (ADL). Physical therapy is a vital component of rehabilitation therapy, but it is often tedious and uninteresting due to the long-term nature of the process.
Do supports and barriers to routine clinical assessment for children with cerebral palsy change over time? A mixed methods study
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2023
Claire Kerr, Iona Novak, Nora Shields, Alice Ames, Christine Imms
Cerebral palsy is a disorder of movement and posture and may also be accompanied by a range of associated impairments (e.g., intellectual disability, communication disorders, musculoskeletal impairments, vision and hearing impairments, epilepsy) and activity limitations [22]. Evidence from Scandinavian longitudinal follow-up studies demonstrates that when HCP (including therapists) routinely assess children with cerebral palsy some secondary complications of cerebral palsy, such as hip dislocation and severe limb contractures, may be eliminated [23,24]. Routine assessment (biannually or annually) with longitudinal tracking of outcomes, results in timely referral and changes in intervention strategies, thus increasing the likelihood children are receiving the right interventions at the right time [23]. Increasing the use of assessments is thus important because it is not common practice for many HCP [2]. The most frequently used assessment tools focus on measuring gross motor function. Other areas considered important by children and families, such as pain, sleep, activity, participation, and quality of life [25], are rarely assessed.