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Clinical Assessment of Patients with Dementia
Published in Zaven S. Khachaturian, Teresa S. Radebaugh, Alzheimer’s Disease, 2019
In addition to Alzheimer’s disease, several other progressive dementing illnesses have strong genetic influences. Huntington’s disease, a degenerative disease with involuntary movement disorders and dementia, is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. Other disorders with genetic influences are Gerstmann-Straussler syndrome, Pick’s disease, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Consequently, the family history should include specific inquiry about the patient’s parents, including their ages of death; disorders of the parents’ siblings and parents; and disorders of the patient’s siblings. The ages of death of first-degree relatives should be included in the history, particularly when there is a history of cognitive decline in one or more of these relatives.
Mesolimbic Motor Circuit in Parkinson’s Disease and Other Movement Disorders
Published in Peter W. Kalivas, Charles D. Barnes, Limbic Motor Circuits and Neuropsychiatry, 2019
Movement disorders are a heterogeneous group of conditions that are related by signs and symptoms involving voluntary and involuntary motor actions.1–3 These disorders are heterogeneous in a variety of ways. The motor manifestations are diverse, ranging from chorea and tremor to dystonia. These disorders range from trivial symptoms or signs which may be asymptomatic for an individual to disabling. Several of these disorders are ultimately fatal. Diverse etiologies include genetic, traumatic, drug-induced, toxic, and degenerative causes. A significant number of movement disorders remains without clear neuropathologic or neurochemical changes.
The relationship between serum interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor-α levels and clinical features in essential tremor
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2022
Zamira M. Muruzheva, Irina S. Ivleva, Dmitry S. Traktirov, Alexander S. Zubov, Marina N. Karpenko
The study included 90 patients who were recruited at the outpatient clinic №120 (Saint-Petersburg, Russia) between October 2016 and March 2018. Movement disorder specialist diagnosed ET based upon clinical and neuropsychological examination and medical histories and only patients with an ET diagnosis were included in. Patients with ET were diagnosed according to the Movement Disorder Society (MDS) diagnostic criteria [16]. The neurophysiologic characteristics of the tremor were also taken into account [17] Patients with concurrent or recent exposure to tremorgenic drugs, hyper- and hypothyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, pheochromocytoma, vision and hearing impairment, premorbid clinically relevant psychiatric disorders, alcohol and narcotic addictions, inflammatory diseases, cancer, chronic diseases, and a history of major surgery were excluded. Movement disorder specialist provided a full medical history, clinical examinations including general medical and neurological examinations. To assess the severity of tremor was used Fahn Tolosa Marin scale (FTMS) [18]. Cognitive function was assessed using the Russian version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) (score 0–30) [19]. Affective symptoms were measured by the Beck Depression Inventory (score 0–63) [20].
Neuro-ophthalmology of movement disorders
Published in Expert Review of Ophthalmology, 2018
Despite advances in neurophysiology, neuroimaging and other ancillary testing, most movement disorders are diagnosed clinically, based on phenomenology of abnormal movements and additional clinical features such as cognitive, behavioral, autonomic, or ophthalmologic signs. Visual and ocular motor impairment can impose significant negative impact on the quality of life of the patients with movement disorders. The recognition of various ophthalmologic signs can facilitate early diagnosis and treatment of many movement disorders. In this review, we discuss neuro-ophthalmologic signs of most common movement disorders (Table 1), their pathophysiology and treatment. Glossary of the most common ophthalmologic terms discussed in this manuscript is presented in the Table 2.