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Primary Stress Damage of the Heart
Published in Felix Z. Meerson, Alexander V. Galkin, Adaptive Protection of The Heart: Protecting Against Stress and Ischemic Damage, 2019
Felix Z. Meerson, Alexander V. Galkin
Another fact attracting attention in Table 13 is a marked loss in pulmonary diffusion capacity for oxygen. In our experiments, in the resting state its contribution was small; but under real conditions of active life, or in stress combined with hypoxic hypoxia or physical load, this damage may have fatal consequences.
ENTRIES A–Z
Published in Philip Winn, Dictionary of Biological Psychology, 2003
ANAESTHESIA); hypoxic HYPOXIA is caused by defective action of the lungs, with a wide variety of possible causes; ischaemic hypoxia (also known as stagnant anoxia) results from reduced blood flow. See also: anoxia; ischaemia; stroke
Critical Care Flight Nurses' role within secondary aeromedical services and the inter-hospital transfer of patients with acute spinal cord impairment
Published in Contemporary Nurse, 2023
Hypoxia is defined as oxygen deficiency in body tissues sufficient to cause impairment of aerobic metabolism and normal physiological cell function (Blumen et al., 2015). Hypoxemia is defined as a reduced content of oxygen in arterial blood (Pa02) and is a major cause of hypoxia (Holleran et al., 2018). Hypoxemia can occur due to mismatching of V/Q however, the most common cause of hypoxemia in the aeromedical environment is hypobaric hypoxic hypoxia (O'Driscoll et al., 2017). Hypobaric hypoxic hypoxia is explained by Dalton’s law, which describes how the partial pressure of a gas decreases with increasing altitude due to reduced barometric pressure (Blumen et al., 2015). This will result in a reduced Alveolar Partial Pressure of Oxygen (PA02). The significance of this to hypoxia is described by Fick’s law which explains that diffusion of oxygen occurs from a high to low partial pressure and that the rate of diffusion is proportional to the concentration gradient (Lumb, 2021). Consequently, an adequate PA02 is essential for oxygen to diffuse from alveoli, to pulmonary capillaries, arterial blood and ultimately body tissues. Hypobaric hypoxic hypoxia can be prevented through the administration of supplemental oxygen and the provision of a pressurised aircraft cabin (Blumen et al. 2015).