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Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD)
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is a serious lung condition that affects primarily premature infants born more than 10 weeks before their due dates and weighing less than two pounds at birth who need oxygen therapy. The lungs of premature infants are fragile and often aren’t fully developed. They can easily be irritated or injured within hours or days of birth.1 Most babies diagnosed with BPD get better over time, but they may need treatment for months or even years.1
Methods in Experimental Pathology of Pulmonary Vasculature
Published in Joan Gil, Models of Lung Disease, 2020
Paul Davies, Daphne deMello, Lynne M. Reid
Hyperoxia increases the adventitia that occurs at all arterial levels, from proliferation of fibroblasts and increase in collagen. Fibroblasts in the aveolar wall also show hyperplasia. The alveolar wall shows an interstitial fibrosis (Pappas et al., 1983), and the small intraalveolar wall arteries develop cuirasses of collagen (Jones et al., 1985). Fibrosis is perhaps the most significant of the lung’s responses to hyperoxia. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia following oxygen therapy in premature neonates is an example (see below).
Neonatology
Published in Rachel U Sidwell, Mike A Thomson, Concise Paediatrics, 2020
Rachel U Sidwell, Mike A Thomson
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is a condition of chronic lung damage with persistent X-ray changes. It is defined as either an oxygen requirement on day 28 of life or at 36 weeks’ gestation.
Bone Marrow Stromal Cell-Secreted Extracellular Vesicles Containing miR-34c-5p Alleviate Lung Injury and Inflammation in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Through Promotion of PTEN Degradation by Targeting OTUD3
Published in Immunological Investigations, 2023
Xiao He, Juan Kuang, Yijing Wang, Guofeng Lan, Xuekai Shi
As a respiratory disorder, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) occurs in preterm newborns and results in chronic respiratory issues (Principi et al. 2018). The risk factors for BPD include low birth weight, prematurity, chorioamnionitis, intrauterine growth restriction, smoking, ethnicity or race, and heredity (Thebaud et al. 2019). Additionally, inflammation is also a crucial contributor to BPD (Savani 2018). The main “old” features of BPD were hyperinflated, scarred, and fibrotic lungs caused by lung injury after oxygen toxicity and mechanical ventilation, which have changed to lung growth arrest-caused impaired lung angiogenesis and alveolar simplification with the development of neonatal medicine (Schmidt et al. 2022). Adults with BPD are proven to be severely affected throughout their lives, as they are observed to suffer from aberrant lung functions, decreased exercise tolerance, and a possibly elevated risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (Gilfillan et al. 2021). Consequently, searching for novel biomarkers and clarification of molecular mechanisms involved in BPD progression is necessary for the advancement of BPD treatment.
Neonatal platelet physiology and implications for transfusion
Published in Platelets, 2022
Francisca Ferrer-Marín, Martha Sola-Visner
Twenty-five years after the publication of this initial trial, an international multicenter randomized study (PlaNeT-2) was designed to answer this question. In this trial, 660 infants with a gestational age <34 weeks, without active bleeding and with a platelet count <50,000/mm3, were randomized to receive prophylactic platelet transfusions when the platelet count was lower than 50,000/mm3 (high threshold group) vs lower than 25,000/mm3 (low threshold group)[70]. In the high threshold group, 90% of the infants received at least one platelet transfusion, as compared with 53% in the low threshold group. Surprisingly, within 28 days after randomization, a significantly higher incidence of death or major bleeding was reported in the high threshold group compared to the low threshold group (26% vs 19%, 7% absolute-risk reduction). The incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia was also higher in the high threshold group. The rate of serious adverse events related to platelet transfusion, in contrast, was comparable in both groups[70].
Influences of environmental exposures on preterm lung disease
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2021
Joseph M. Collaco, Brianna C. Aoyama, Jessica L. Rice, Sharon A. McGrath-Morrow
Premature births account for over 10% of the live births worldwide, and rates of preterm births are increasing based on data from high-income and high-middle-income countries [1]. A common complication of preterm birth is post-prematurity respiratory disease (PPRD), which can encompass many respiratory phenotypes, with bronchopulmonary dysplasia being best known [2]. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) was characterized in 1967 by Northway et al. as maldevelopment of the alveoli, airways, and pulmonary vasculature based on clinical, radiological, and pathological findings [3]. Despite advances in neonatal care, including oxygen delivery and ventilation, exogenous surfactant, surgical techniques, and nutrition, rates of BPD have remained constant for the past 2 decades, due in part to the increased survival of infants of earlier gestational ages [4,5]. Incidence rates of BPD vary worldwide based on gestational ages, birthweights, and survival rates across populations (17–75%) [6]. As many as 50,000 infants in the USA and almost 15 million infants worldwide may be affected annually [2,7].