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Descriptive Statistics
Published in Marcello Pagano, Kimberlee Gauvreau, Heather Mattie, Principles of Biostatistics, 2022
Marcello Pagano, Kimberlee Gauvreau, Heather Mattie
The investigators defined low birth weight as kilograms, and normal birth weight as kilograms. What type of numerical data is low birth weight status?
Exercise and pregnancy
Published in Hung N. Winn, Frank A. Chervenak, Roberto Romero, Clinical Maternal-Fetal Medicine Online, 2021
The daily nutritional requirements should include an additional 300 cal/day, which is required to provide for the increased basal metabolic needs of pregnancy. Additional calories will be needed depending on the activities conducted. Furthermore, in the postpartum period, lactating women will require an additional 400 to 600 cal/day to meet the metabolic needs. The Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine has published in 2009 guidelines for the rate of weight gain during pregnancy by prepregnancy BMI (37). The Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendations of a single standard of weight gain for all obesity classes has come under criticism since higher body mass index levels combined with additional weight gain are associated with more severe pregnancy complications, such as pre-eclampsia and gestational diabetes (38). The IOM recommendations retained the 1990 focus on the theoretical association between poor gestational weight gain and low birth weight. Important to point out that most causes for low birth weight are the consequences of other conditions than poor nutrition; there is lack of evidence in developed countries that dietary supplementation increases birth weight.
Maternal Undernutrition and Reproductive Performance
Published in Frank Falkner, Infant and Child Nutrition Worldwide:, 2021
Maternal nutritional factors that have been linked with low birth weight are stature, prepregnancy weight or weight-for-height, weight gain during pregnancy, other anthropometric values, and dietary deficiencies of energy, protein, and vitamin and minerals. Each of these factors are briefly reviewed below.
Magnitude and associated factors of low birth weight among term newborns delivered in Addis Ababa public hospitals, Ethiopia, 2021
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2023
Teklay Tadesse, Mesfin Abebe, Wondwosen Molla, Abbas Ahmed Mahamed, Andualem Mebratu
Low birth weight is a major public health concern because it increases the risk of developing non-communicable diseases later in life. LBW may be associated with immune system epigenetic modulation and cell maturation (Hayashi et al. 2020). Birth weight is an excellent summary measure of multifaceted public health issues such as long-term maternal malnutrition, ill health and inadequate prenatal health care (CSA 2016b). Hence, this study aimed to assess the magnitude and associated factors of LBW among newborns delivered in Addis Ababa public hospitals. Low birth weight was found to be 13.06% (95% CI: 9.8, 17.11) in this study, which was consistent with studies conducted in Adwa (10%) (Gebregzabiherher et al. 2017), the central zone of the Tigray region (14.6%) (Gebremedhin et al. 2015), Dangla (10.3%) (Talie et al. 2019), Butajira (12.5%) (Toru and Anmut 2020) and Ghana (12.9%) (Axame et al. 2022). However, this study's findings were higher than those of studies conducted in Australia (1.9%) (Herceg et al. 1994), Harar 23.3% (Abdurke Kure et al. 2021) and Addis Ababa (8.8%) (Mulatu et al. 2017), while this study finding was also lower than studies conducted in South Ethiopia (17.88%) (Wado et al. 2014) and Debre Markos (21.6%) (Alebel 2019). This discrepancy might be due to differences in study areas, study designs, inclusion and exclusion criteria, or the institutions' health service delivery systems. Another possible explanation could be the difference in health service utilisation and nutritional status of mothers during pregnancy.
Serum uric acid and blood pressure among adolescents: data from the Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan (NAHSIT) 2010–2011
Published in Blood Pressure, 2021
Kuan-Hung Lin, Fu-Shun Yen, Harn-Shen Chen, Chii-Min Hwu, Chen-Chang Yang
In 2000, Huxley et al. conducted a systemic review, indicating an inverse association between birth weight and systolic BP. Either preterm birth or poor intrauterine growth leads to low birth weight. Low birth weight was associated with higher serum UA in the US and Korean adolescents [29,30]. In the observational cohort study, adolescents born prematurely had significantly lower birth weight (mean, 1056 vs. 3457 g), greater serum UA and higher systolic BP than those born at term [31]. Among 78 children born at full term, 42 had low birth weight (<2500 g) and 36 had birth weight >3000 g. At the age of 8 to 13 years, those with a history of low birth weight had higher BP and markedly higher UA levels [32]. A 20% reduction of nephron number was identified in children with low birth weight [33]. Feig and co-workers have conducted an impressive experimental study to establish a plausible hypothesis that uric acid plays a causal role in the pathogenesis of hypertension in children with low birth weight and low nephron number [34]. These results suggest that adolescents with preterm birth or intrauterine growth retardation are vulnerable to have low birth weight, reduced nephron number, higher serum UA and subsequent hypertension.
Adaptive Behavioral, Social-Emotional, and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes at 2 Years of Age in Hungarian Preterm Infants Based on Bayley III
Published in Developmental Neurorehabilitation, 2021
Beáta Erika Nagy, Flóra Kenyhercz
Preterm birth is a well-known risk factor of developmental difficulties in childhood and adolescence. Extremely low birthweight infants (ELBW: <1000 g) are at risk of several medical complications and postnatal morbidities and mortality, whereas the survivors are vulnerable to develop short and long-term developmental delays1 in motor, language and cognitive functioning.2–4 Low birthweight is frequently associated with several adverse developmental outcomes, such as poorer postnatal and childhood development,5 disabilities6 or behavioral, hyperactivity, and emotional problems.7,8 Several studies found higher risks of autism spectrum disorder and pervasive developmental disorder among children born below 2500 g (low birthweight – LBW) and 1500 g (very low birthweight – VLBW).9,10 Regarding later motor development and physical activity, Wolke et al. found a higher risk of developmental coordination disorder and cerebral palsy. Moreover, population-based studies describe dose–response relationship between gestation at birth and cognitive outcomes.11