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Autoimmune Disease
Published in Gia Merlo, Kathy Berra, Lifestyle Nursing, 2023
Nanette Morales, Jessica Landry, Christy McDonald Lenahan, Janine Santora
Many non-communicable and chronic diseases are related to stress. Mindfulness, often in the form of meditation or breathing exercises, is shown to both treat and prevent stress-related physical symptoms (Greeson & Chin, 2018). A current review of evidence-based practices shows a positive correlation between mindfulness being associated with better psychological well-being, coping, and quality of life (Greeson & Chin, 2018). Although there is a paucity of evidence to show the effect of mindfulness practices on the pathological processes of chronic disease, it does appear to reduce subjective symptomatology (Black & Slavich, 2016). One way mindfulness may influence the cellular immune response is via inflammatory proteins produced by immune cells. Some examples of pro-inflammatory proteins include c-reactive protein (CRP), inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and circulating interleukins. Several studies indicated a decreased measure of serological inflammatory components in those individuals that engaged in mindfulness practices. The activation of supportive immune cells such as T lymphocytes related to mindful awareness practices was also seen in multiple studies. Increased telomerase activity, which indicates improved cellular longevity and augmented antibody secretion related to immune function, was similarly associated with practices of mindfulness meditation (Black & Slavich, 2016). Mindfulness is further discussed in Chapter 31 of this volume.
Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and Spirituality in Cardiovascular Disease
Published in Stephen T. Sinatra, Mark C. Houston, Nutritional and Integrative Strategies in Cardiovascular Medicine, 2022
Erminia Guarneri, Shyamia Stone
There are many mind-body techniques that impact the autonomic nervous system and overall health.170 Breathing exercises are among the simplest, most accessible, and efficacious. The SPRINT trial showed that in patients with stage 1 non-medicated hypertension, performing guided breathing and meditation exercises over 12 months reduced resting systolic blood pressure,170 resting diastolic blood pressure,170 and perceived stress levels.170,171 Making exhalation a few seconds longer than inhalation stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system and promotes relaxation. Some patients may want to utilize smartphone applications, though instructions for breathing exercises can easily be given to patients after illustrating the practice in office, and should be encouraged on a daily basis as well as during stressful periods and before bed to promote relaxation.
Modern Rehabilitation Techniques for COVID-19
Published in Wenguang Xia, Xiaolin Huang, Rehabilitation from COVID-19, 2021
The principles of breathing exercises include: Strictly follow the three steps of warm-up, movement, and relaxation.The movement should be in accordance with the frequency of breath, as far as possible to avoid breath closure and movement in the breath resistance, namely, stretching when inhaling or relaxing when exhaling.Patients should perform as slowly and thoroughly as possible with the participation of multijoint motions and avoid the rapid repetition of small joint motions. Suspend training at any time if patients feel unwell.
Patient reported voice handicap and auditory-perceptual voice assessment outcomes in patients with COVID-19
Published in Logopedics Phoniatrics Vocology, 2023
Emel Tahir, Esra Kavaz, Senem Çengel Kurnaz, Fatih Temoçin, Aynur Atilla
Regan et al. discovered that two-thirds of COVID-19-intubated individuals had post-extubation dysphonia [33]. Pre-existing respiratory illness was found to be a significant determinant in post-extubation voice quality [33]. According to our regression analysis, pre-existing pulmonary comoborbidity is a factor that negatively affects voice quality. These findings provide compelling evidence that speech and language therapists should be included in multidisciplinary COVID-19 clinics. Respiratory reserve, according to our findings, has a direct effect on voice quality. As a result, it may be advised to provide patients with breathing exercises during the active disease period. Following COVID-19, speech and language therapists should be included in the identification and rehabilitation of long-term dysphonia.
Physiotherapy and ecosystem services: improving the health of our patients, the population, and the environment
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2023
Jessica Stanhope, Filip Maric, Paul Rothmore, Philip Weinstein
Judicious decision making can contribute to reducing consumption, particularly for single use equipment. For example, despite the widespread use of incentive spirometry, particularly in post-operative care following abdominal or thoracic surgery, there is little support for the use of this single-use piece of plastic equipment, over other types of breathing exercises that do not involve equipment, or indeed no respiratory treatment (Agostini and Singh, 2009; Do Nascimento Junior et al., 2014). Similarly, physiotherapists with rights to prescribe medication and order diagnostic imaging which may be extended scope physiotherapists in some jurisdictions (Stanhope, Beaton, Grimmer-Somers, and Morris, 2012; Stanhope et al., 2012) should consider the environmental cost of these interventions, and only utilize them where evidence-based practice dictates these interventions are required. This point is particularly pertinent for potential low-value care options, which may include diagnostic imaging and medications (Buchbinder, Underwood, Hartvigsen, and Maher, 2020; Foster et al., 2018) for some conditions treated by physiotherapists. As part of multidisciplinary health teams, physiotherapists can also advocate for the use of high-value, sustainable diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, both in clinical practice and research. Importantly, more sustainable models of healthcare should focus on prevention, self-management, and health promotion (Barna, Goodman, and Mortimer, 2012) which typically require less consumption, and therefore protect ecosystem and human health.
The effects of respiratory exercises on partial pressures of gases and anxiety in the acute phase of COVID-19 infection
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Vesna Grbovic, Natasa Markovic, Predrag Bogojevic, Jovana Nikolic, Jelena Milosevic, Stefan Simovic, Ivan Cekerevac, Aleksandra Jurišić-Škevin, Nebojša Zdravkovic, Sara Mijailovic, Natasa Zdravkovic
During hospitalization, the patients with COVID-19 infection may show fear, anxiety, depression, or insomnia, or they might have a fear of illness. In addition to improved lung function, an open-label, randomized, controlled study from January 2020 showed a reduction in anxiety and improvement in the patients’ quality of life (Thomas et al., 2020). Respiratory exercise also improves the subjective health status in COVID-19 patients assessed by the feeling thermometer (Hermann et al., 2020). Our study shows that the respiratory exercise program significantly improves anxiety in the patients with COVID-19 assessed by the GAD-7 scale. However, the influence of natural recovering from the disease and the effects of drug treatment on the anxiety levels can not be excluded. In our research, before starting the respiratory exercise program, almost 30% of the patients scored their anxiety as moderate or severe. Simultaneously, after the conduction of the respiratory exercise program, only 14.5% of COVID-19 patients marked their anxiety as moderate or severe. It has been proven that by implementation of breathing exercises, anxiety is reduced by lowering the heart rate, breathing rate, skin conductivity, increase in the pain thresholds by attenuation of pain perception (becoming less sensitive) and reduction in alertness (Busch et al., 2012; Chen, Huang, Chien, and Cheng, 2017). These effects can significantly reduce the anxiety levels, as we have shown in our group of COVID-19 patients.